漢代 이전에 형성된 天體曆 紀年 원리 고찰의 필요성에 대한 小論

Abstract

The signs of Gānzhī(干支: the sexagesimal calendar system) almanac, which marked each year, month, day and time with 60 ordinal number marks made by combining 10 Tiāngāns(天干: the decimal notation to mark date) and 12 Dìzhīs(地支 : the duodecimal notation to mark date), were used not only as the sign of the factors affecting the occurrence of a disease and treatment in the area of traditional oriental medicine, but also as the indicator of prejudging fortunes in different areas of future prediction techniques.(for instance, astrology, the theory of divination based on topography, four pillars of destiny and etc.) While theories of many future predictive technologies with this Gānzhī(干支) almanac signs as the standard had been established in many ways by Han dynasty, it is difficult to find almanac discussion later on the fundamental theory of ‘how it works like that’. As for the method to mark the era of Tiāntǐlì(天體曆: a calendar made with the sidereal period of Jupiter and the Sun), which determines the name of a year depending on where Suìxīng(歲星: Jupiter) is among the ‘12 positions of zodiac’, there are three main ways of Suìxīng-Jìniánfǎ(歲星紀年法: the way to mark an era by the location of Jupiter on the celestial sphere), Tàisuì-Jìniánfǎ(太歲紀年法: the way to mark an era by the location facing the location of Jupiter on the celestial sphere) and Gānzhī-Jìniánfǎ(干支紀年法: the way to mark an era with Ganzhi marks). Regarding Gānzhī-Jìniánfǎ(干支紀年法), which is actually the same way to mark an era as Tàisuì-Jìniánfǎ(太歲紀年法) with the only difference in the name, there are more than three ways, and one of them has continued to be used in China, Korea and so on since Han dynasty. The name of year of Gānzhī(干支) this year, 2018, has become Wù-Xū(戊戌) just by ‘accident’. Therefore, in this discussion, the need to realize this situation was emphasized in different areas of traditional techniques of future prediction in which distinct theories have been established with the Gānzhī(干支) mark of year, month, day and time. Because of the 1 sidereal period of Jupiter, which is a little bit shorter than 12 years, once about one thousand years, ‘the location of Jupiter on the zodiac’ and ‘the name of a year of 12 Dìzhīs(地支) marks' accord with each other just for about 85 years, and it has been verified that recent dozens of years are the very period. In addition, appropriate methods of observing the the twenty-eight lunar mansions were elucidated. As Gānzhī(干支) almanac is related to the theoretical foundation of traditional medical practice as well as various techniques of future prediction, in-depth study on the fundamental theory of ancient Tiāntǐlì(天體曆) cannot be neglected for the succession and development of traditional oriental study and culture, too.