The Structure of Trade in Genetic Resources: Implications for the International ABS Regime Negotiation
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생물자원이 의약품, 화장품 등 고가품목 원료로 집중 활용되면서 유전자원의 국제 교환 및 무역이 증가하자 유전자원에 대한 접근과 이익공유를 규율하기 위한 국제규범이 협상되기에 이르렀다. 그러나 유전자원 국제무역에 대한 체계적인 통계 부재로 인해 이 분야에 대한 객관적 분석은 매우 저조한 형편이다. 본 글에서는 제약 및 관련 업계 관계자들과 과학계 전문가와의 인터뷰를 토대로 유전자원 국제무역 구조에 대한 이해를 높이고자 하였다. 국내 제약업체들은 직접 자연탐사를 하는 경우는 거의 없으며 주로 중개무역상을 통하여 생화학물로 가공된 형태의 유전자원을 수입하고 있다. 따라서 협상될 ABS 국제규범 범위에 파생물까지 포함될 경우 그 영향이 더 클 것으로 판단되나, 전체 무역규모에서 유전자원 무역이 차지하는 비중이 작아 경제 전반에 미치는 영향은 크지 않을 것으로 예상된다.
Abstract
The intensive exploitation of genetic resources at the international level has led to a negotiation of an international regime on Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) of genetic resources. Due to lack of systematic data, little is known about the structure of trade in genetic resources to inform the negotiators. This study attempts to shed a greater insight into genetic resources trade in the pharmaceutical sector in Korea, mainly relying on interviews of industry practitioners and scientists in related fields. The study finds that Korea is mainly a genetic resource importer, but that pharmaceutical firms rarely carry out bioprospecting directly, relying on semi-processed biochemicals imports trough agents. Therefore, the impact of the to-be negotiated international ABS negotiation will be larger if derivatives are included in its scope. However, the general impact on the economy as a whole would be small, given the small share of genetic resources trade compared to total trade volumes.
참고문헌 (13)
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