Mori Fructus Induces Cell Death through ROS-dependent Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Human Glioma Cells
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Mulberry has been reported to contain wide range of polyphenols and have chemopreventive activity. However, little has been known regarding the effect of mulberry fruits on cell viability in human glioma cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of mulberry fruit (Mori Fructus) on cell viability and to determine its underlying mechanism in human glioma cells. Cell viability and cell death were estimated by MTT assay and trypanblue exclusion assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured with DiOC6(3). Bax expression and cytochrome c release were measured by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was estimated using colorimetric kit. Mori Fructus resulted in apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mori Fructus increased ROS generation and the Mori Fructus-induced cell death was also prevented by antioxidants, suggesting that ROS generation plays a critical role in Mori Fructus-induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that Mori Fructus treatment caused an increase in Bax expression, which was inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Mori Fructus induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and its effect was inhibited by the antioxidants NAC and catalase. Mori Fructus induced cytochrome c release, which was inhibited by NAC. Caspase activity was stimulated by Mori Fructus and caspase inhibitors prevented the Mori Fructus-induced cell death. These findings suggest that Mori Fructus results in human glioma cell death through ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human glioma cells.
Abstract
Mulberry has been reported to contain wide range of polyphenols and have chemopreventive activity. However, little has been known regarding the effect of mulberry fruits on cell viability in human glioma cells. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of mulberry fruit (Mori Fructus) on cell viability and to determine its underlying mechanism in human glioma cells. Cell viability and cell death were estimated by MTT assay and trypanblue exclusion assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. The mitochondrial transmembrane potential was measured with DiOC6(3). Bax expression and cytochrome c release were measured by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was estimated using colorimetric kit. Mori Fructus resulted in apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mori Fructus increased ROS generation and the Mori Fructus-induced cell death was also prevented by antioxidants, suggesting that ROS generation plays a critical role in Mori Fructus-induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that Mori Fructus treatment caused an increase in Bax expression, which was inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Mori Fructus induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and its effect was inhibited by the antioxidants NAC and catalase. Mori Fructus induced cytochrome c release, which was inhibited by NAC. Caspase activity was stimulated by Mori Fructus and caspase inhibitors prevented the Mori Fructus-induced cell death. These findings suggest that Mori Fructus results in human glioma cell death through ROS-dependent mitochondrial pathway in human glioma cells.
참고문헌 (43)
- Ohgaki, H., "Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas", Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 64, pp.479~489 (2005)
- DeAngelis, L.M., "Brain tumors", N Engl J Med, 344, pp.114~123 (2001)
- Sanai, N., "Neural stem cells and the origin of gliomas", N Engl J Med, 353, pp.811~822 (2005)
- Feng, R., "Inhibition of activator protein-1, NF-kappa B, and MAPKs and induction of phase 2 detoxifying enzyme activity by chlorogenic acid", J Biol Chem, 280, pp.27888~27895 (2005)
- Feng, R., "Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, a natural polyphenol antioxidant, selectively kills leukemic cells by induction of oxidative stress", J Biol Chem, 282, pp.13468~13476 (2007)
- Surh, Y.J., "Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals", Nat Rev Cancer, 3, pp.768~780 (2003)
- Jin, Y.S., "Identification and properties of 2,5-dihydroxy-4,3'-di (beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-trans-stilbene from Morus bombycis Koidzumi roots", Phytother Res, 21, pp.605~608 (2007)
- Kimura, T., "Food-grade mulberry powder enriched with 1-deoxynojirimycin suppresses the elevation of postprandial blood glucose in humans", J Agric Food Chem, 55, pp.5869~5874 (2007)
- Park, M.Y., "Effects of dietary mulberry, Korean red ginseng, and banaba on glucose homeostasis in relation to PPAR-alpha, PPAR-gamma, and LPL mRNA expressions", Life Sci, 77, pp.3344~3354 (2005)
- Seeram, N.P., "Berry fruits : compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease", J Agric Food Chem, 56, pp.627~629 (2008)
- Wu, Q.K., "Berry phenolic extracts modulate the expression of p21 (WAF1) and Bax but not Bcl-2 in HT-29 colon cancer cells", J Agric Food Chem, 55, pp.1156~1163 (2007)
- Yi, W., "Phenolic compounds from blueberries can inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis", J Agric Food Chem, 53, pp.7320~7329 (2005)
- Zhang, Y., "Isolation and identification of strawberry phenolics with antioxidant and human cancer cell antiproliferative properties", J Agric Food Chem, 56, pp.670~675 (2008)
- Lamy, S., "Anthocyanidins inhibit migration of glioblastoma cells: structure-activity relationship and involvement of the plasminolytic system", J Cell Biochem, 100, pp.100~111 (2007)
- Denizot, F., "Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability", J Immunol Methods, 89, pp.271~277 (1986)
- Pastorino, J.G., "The overexpression of Bax produces cell death upon induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition", J Biol Chem, 273, pp.7770~7775 (1998)
- Birbes, H., "Mitochondria and ceramide: intertwined roles in regulation of apoptosis", Adv Enzyme Regul, 42, pp.113~129 (2002)
- Kroemer, G., "The mitochondrial death", life regulator in apoptosis and necrosis, 1998, pp.60, 619~642
- Pastorino, J.G., "Cyclosporin and carnitine prevent the anoxic death of cultured hepatocytes by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition", J Biol Chem, 268, pp.13791~13798 (1993)
- Cohen, G.M., "Caspases : the executioners of apoptosis", Biochem J, 326, pp.1~16 (1997)
- Ren, W., "Flavonoids: promising anticancer agents", Med Res Rev, 23, pp.519~534 (2003)
- Miura, Y.H., "Active oxygens generation by flavonoids", Biol Pharm Bull, 21, pp.93~96 (1998), 93-96
- Wang, I.K., "Induction of apoptosis by apigenin and related flavonoids through cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in leukaemia HL-60 cells", Eur J Cancer, 35, pp.1517~1525 (1999)
- Chen, Y.C., "Flavone inhibition of tumor growth via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo", Int J Oncol, 25, pp.661~670 (2004)
- Hassouna, I., "Increase in bax expression in substantia nigra following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment of mice", Neurosci Lett, 204, pp.85~88 (1996)
- Yin, C., "Bax suppresses tumorigenesis and stimulates apoptosis in vivo", Nature, 385, pp.637~640 (1997)
- Oltvai, Z.N., "Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death", Cell, 74, pp.609~619 (1993)
- Wei, M.C., "Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death", Science, 292, pp.727~730 (2001)
- Ashkenazi, A., "Death receptors: signaling and modulation", Science, 281, pp.1305~1308 (1998)
- Boldin, M.P., "Involvement of MACH, a novel MORT1", FADD-interacting protease, in Fas, Cell, pp.1996, 85[DOI]
- Kischkel, F.C., "Cytotoxicity-dependent APO-1 (Fas", CD95)-associated proteins form a death- inducing signaling complex (DISC) with the receptor, 1995, pp.14, 5579~5588
- Chandra, D., "Early mitochondrial activation and cytochrome c up-regulation during apoptosis", J Biol Chem, 52, pp.50842~50854 (2002)
- Green, D.R., "Mitochondria and apoptosis", Science, 281, pp.1309~1312 (1998)
- Zou, H., "Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3", Cell, 90, pp.405~413 (1997)
- Liu, X., "Quantification and Purification of Mulberry Anthocyanins with Macroporous Resins", J Biomed Biotechnol, 2004(5), pp.326~331 (2004)
- Neto, C.C., "Cranberry and blueberry: evidence for protective effects against cancer and vascular diseases", Mol Nutr Food Res, 51, pp.652~664 (2007)
- Elisia, I., "Anthocyanins inhibit peroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells", Mol Cell Biochem, 312, pp.139~145 (2008)
- Rossetto, M., "Peroxyl radical trapping activity of anthocyanins and generation of free radical intermediates", Free Radic Res, 41, pp.854~859 (2007)
- Wang, C.Y., "Increasing antioxidant activity and reducing decay of blueberries by essential oils", J Agric Food Chem, 56, pp.3587~3592 (2008)
- Fimognari, C., "Induction of apoptosis in two human leukemia cell lines as well as differentiation in human promyelocytic cells by cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside", Biochem Pharmacol, 67, pp.2047~2056 (2004)
- Katsuzaki, H., "Cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside isolated from skin of black Glycine max and other anthocyanins isolated from skin of red grape induce apoptosis in human lymphoid leukemia Molt 4B cells", Oncol Rep, 10, pp.297~300 (2003)
- Lazze, M.C., "Anthocyanins induce cell cycle perturbations and apoptosis in different human cell lines", Carcinogenesis, 25, pp.1427~1433 (2004)
- Wenzel, U., "Dietary flavone is a potent apoptosis inducer in human colon carcinoma cells", Cancer Res, 60, pp.3823~3831 (2000)