ER Stress에 의해 유발된 C6 Glial Cells의 손상에 대한 龍腦의 보호효과
Protective Effect of Borneolum on ER Stress-induced Damage in C6 Glial Cells
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an important genomic response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER response is characterized by changes in specific proteins, induction of ER chaperones and degradation of misfolded proteins. Also, the pathogenesis of several diseases like Alzheimer's disease, neuronal degenerative diseases, and diabetes reveal the role of ER stress as one of the causative mechanisms. Borneolum has been used for neuronal disease in oriental medicine. In the present study, the protective effect of borneolum on thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in rat C6 glial cells. Treatment with C6 glial cells with 5 uM thapsigargin caused the loss of cell viability, and morphological change, which was associated with the elevation of intracellular Ca++ level, the increase in Grp78 and CHOP and cleavage of pro-caspase 12 Furthermore, thapsigargin induced Grp98, XBP1, and ATF4 protein expression in C6 glial cells. Borneolum reduced thapsigargin-induced apoptosis through ER pathways. In the ER pathway, borneolum attenuated thapsigargin-induced elevations in Grp78, CHOP, ATF4, and XBP1 as well as reductions in pro-caspase 12 levels. Also, our data showed that borneolum protected thapsigargin-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes from rat (P3) brain. Taken together, our data suggest that borneolum is neuroprotective against thapsigargin-induced ER stress in C6 glial cells and astrocytes. Accordingly, borneolum may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in central nervous system.
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) is an important genomic response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The ER response is characterized by changes in specific proteins, induction of ER chaperones and degradation of misfolded proteins. Also, the pathogenesis of several diseases like Alzheimer's disease, neuronal degenerative diseases, and diabetes reveal the role of ER stress as one of the causative mechanisms. Borneolum has been used for neuronal disease in oriental medicine. In the present study, the protective effect of borneolum on thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in rat C6 glial cells. Treatment with C6 glial cells with 5 uM thapsigargin caused the loss of cell viability, and morphological change, which was associated with the elevation of intracellular Ca++ level, the increase in Grp78 and CHOP and cleavage of pro-caspase 12 Furthermore, thapsigargin induced Grp98, XBP1, and ATF4 protein expression in C6 glial cells. Borneolum reduced thapsigargin-induced apoptosis through ER pathways. In the ER pathway, borneolum attenuated thapsigargin-induced elevations in Grp78, CHOP, ATF4, and XBP1 as well as reductions in pro-caspase 12 levels. Also, our data showed that borneolum protected thapsigargin-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes from rat (P3) brain. Taken together, our data suggest that borneolum is neuroprotective against thapsigargin-induced ER stress in C6 glial cells and astrocytes. Accordingly, borneolum may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of thapsigargin-induced apoptosis in central nervous system.
참고문헌 (40)
- Kaneko, M., "ER signaling in unfolded protein response", Life Sci., 74(2), pp.199~205 (2003)
- Kadowaki, H., "Survival and apoptosis signals in ER stress, the role of protein kinases", J. of Chemical Neuroanatomy, 28, pp.93~100 (2004)
- 이인규, "산화질소와 ER (endoplasmic reticulum) 스트레스", BioWave, 9(1), pp.1~11 (2007)
- Schröder, M., "ER stress and the unfolded protein response", Mutat Res., 569(1), pp.29~63 (2005)
- Forman, M.S., "'Unfolding' pathways in neurodegenerative disease", Trends Neurosci, 26(8), pp.407~410 (2003)
- Yoshida, H., "ER stress and diseases", FEBS J., 274(3), pp.630~658 (2007)
- Lindholm, D., "ER stress and neurodegenerative diseases", Cell Death Differ, 13(3), pp.385~392 (2006)
- 全國韓醫科大學本草學敎授, "本草學", pp.522~523 (1991), 永林社
- 池亨浚, "대한약전외 한약(생약) 규격집 주해서", pp.276~ (1998), 한국메디탈인덱스사
- 陳存仁, "圖說漢方醫藥大辭典 제4권", pp.569~576 (1997), 서울대학교출판부
- 오규석, "A study on inhibition of nicotinic receptors by Dryobalanops aromatica", pp.1999
- 김영주, "Dryobalanops aromatica 유래 용뇌의 Malassezia furfur에 대한 항균 활성", 한국미생물·생명공학회지, 33(3), pp.236~239 (2005), 한국미생물·생명공학회
- 崔貞善, "CPs(丹蔘, 三七, 龍腦 複合劑)가 高脂血症에 미치는 影響", pp.2004
- 崔殷圭, "龍腦香이 Mouse에서의 抗痙攣 效果", pp.1999
- 金京玉, "薄荷와 龍腦 複合香氣의 抗痙攣效果 機轉에 관한 實驗的 硏究", pp.2002
- Nunokawa, Y., "Cloning of inducible nitric oxide synthase in rat vascular smooth muscle cells", Biochem. Biophys. Res. commun., 191, pp.89~94 (1993)
- Szegezdi, E., "Mediators of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis", EMBO Rep., 7(9), pp.80~885 (2006)
- Gotz, M.E., "Oxidative stress, a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease", J Neural Transm Suppl, 29, pp.241~249 (1990)
- Zinszner, H., "CHOP is implicated in programmed cell death in reponse to impaired function of the endoplasmic reticulum", Genes Dev., 12, pp.982~995 (1998)
- Behl, C., J.B., "Amyloid beta peptide induces necrosis rather than apoptosis", Brain Res, 645, pp.253~264 (1995)
- 河北醫學院, "靈樞經校釋", pp.355~ (1982), 人民衛生出版社
- 張介賓, "類經(下)", pp.411~ (1990), 大星文化社
- 허미정, "內經의 腦學說에 대한 文獻的 考察", 惠和醫學, 6(1), pp.175~200 (1997)
- Peter, L., "Ischemic Cell Death in Brain Neurons", Physiol. Review, 79, pp.1431~1568 (1999)
- 서순규, "성인병·노인의학", pp.10~19 (1992), 고려의학
- Kirino, T., "Selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to ischemia reversible and irreversible types of ischemic cell damage", Progress in Brain, 63, pp.39~58 (1985)
- Cohen, J.J., "Apoptosis", Immunol, 14, pp.126~130 (1993)
- Savitz, S., "Apoptosis in neurological disease", J. Neurosurgery, 42, pp.555~574 (1998)
- 정승원, "소풍탕이 Glutamate에 의한 C6 Glial Cell의 Apoptosis에 미치는 영향", pp.2006
- 이민구, "소풍탕이 Glutamate에 의한 C6 glial 세포 손상에서 항산화 효소 발현에 미치는 영향", pp.2007
- 강소신의학원, "중약대사전. 중국, 상해과학출판사, 한국, 도서출판 정담, 31", 925~932 (1998)
- Nakagawa, T., "Cross-talk between two cysteine protease families, Activation of Caspase-12 by Calpain in Apoptosis", J. of Cell biology, 150, pp.887~894 (2000)
- Chen, G., "Ethanol promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal death, Involvement of oxidative stress", J Neurosci Res., 16 (2007)
- Benavides, A., "CHOP plays a pivotal role in the astrocyte death induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation", Glia, 52(4), pp.261~275 (2005)
- Szegezdi, E., "ER stress contributes to ischemia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis", Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 349(4), pp.1406~1411 (2006)
- Widmann, C., "Caspase-dependent Cleavage of signaling proteins during apoptosis", J. Biol. Chem., 273(12), pp.7141~7147 (1998)
- Rutkowski, D.T., "All roads lead to ATF4", Dev Cell, 4, pp.442~444 (2006)
- Calfon, M., "IRE1 couples endoplasmic reticulum load to secretory capacity by processing the XBP-1 mRNA", Nature, 415, pp.92~96 (2002)
- 장경태, "노화와 건강", pp.175~ (1999), 대한미디어
- Derick Han, "Protection against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in C6 glial cells by thiols antioxidants", Am J Physiol, 273, pp.1771~1778 (1997)
