뇌졸중 편마비에 의한 신체활동 감소가 골밀도에 미치는 영향
The effects of decreased physical activity to bone mineral density in hemiparetic stroke patients
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목적 : 신체활동 감소는 골다공증을 유발하는 중요한 위험인자이며 뇌졸중에 의한 근마비는 근력을 감소시키고 이환측으로의 체중 부하를 줄여서 신체 활동 감소를 초래한다. 이에 저자는 뇌졸중 편마비 환자를 대상으로 이환측과 비이환측 상ㆍ하지 모두의 골밀도를 측정하여 신체활동 감소, 편마비의 기간 및 마비의 심한 정도 또는 기능적 회복 정도가 골밀도 감소에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 74명의 뇌졸중 환자(남자 45명, 여자 29명, 평균 연령 55.7세)를 대상으로 이중 에너지 방사선 흡수법을 이용하여 이환측과 비이환측 모두에서 요골, 대퇴골 및 척추골의 골밀도를 측정하였다. 결과 : 요골과 대퇴골 모두에서 이환측의 골밀도가 비이환측에 비하여 의미있게 낮았고(p<0.05), 골밀도 감소 정도에 있어서는 요골과 대퇴골의 차이가 없었다. 요골과 대퇴골 모두에서 유병기간이 6개월 미만인 군에 비하여 6개월 이상인 군에서 골밀도 감소율이 크며, 6개월이 지난 후에는 유병기간에 따른 차이가 없었으며(p< 0.05), 상지와 하지의 운동기능이 나쁠수록 골밀도 감소율이 더 컸다(p<0.05). 결론 : 편마비로 인한 신체활동 감소는 골밀도를 감소시키는 중요한 위험인자이며 뇌졸중 발생 초기부터 골밀도의 감소를 진단하고 예방할 수 있는 방법을 찾기 위한 연구가 필요하리라 생각된다.
Abstract
Background : Hemiparesis caused by stroke decreases muscle force and body weight loading in paralyzed extremities and results in a decrease in physical activity. Thus, decreased physical activity can be an important determinant of bone loss and the risk of bone fracture in hemiparetic stroke patients. The aim of this study was to investigate any difference between the paretic and non-paretic limb's bone mineral density (BMD) and evaluate the relationship between several clinical variables and the BMD of paretic limbs. Methods : Seventy-four hemiparetic patients (45 males, 29 females, mean age 55.7 years) were enrolled. The BMD of radius, femur and spine was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results : The BMD of paretic limbs was significantly lower compared with non-paretic side at the radius as well as the femur (p<0.05). Decrease rate (%) of the BMD was not significantly different between the paretic radius and the femur. In addition, decrease rate (%) of BMD in the paretic limbs well correlated with duration of hemiparesis and physical ability (p<0.05). Conclusions : This study provides evidence that the BMD is affected by physical activity, and lack of mobility and weight-bearing after stroke are an important factor for the greater bone loss in the paretic limbs. Therefore, study looking for medical program for diagnosis and preventing the bone loss early after stroke should be established
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