Air Pollution and Stroke
1
조회
0
다운로드
6
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The adverse health effects of air pollution have long been recognised; however, there is less awareness that the majority of the morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution is due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Evidence from epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Although the relative risk is small at an individual level, the ubiquitous nature of exposure to air pollution means that the absolute risk at a population level is on a par with “traditional” risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Of particular concern are findings that the strength of this association is stronger in low and middle income countries where air pollution is projected to rise as a result of rapid industrialisation. The underlying biological mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their effect on the vasculature are still an area of intense discussion. A greater understanding of the effect size and mechanisms is necessary to develop effective strategies at individual and policy levels to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
Abstract
The adverse health effects of air pollution have long been recognised; however, there is less awareness that the majority of the morbidity and mortality caused by air pollution is due to its effects on the cardiovascular system. Evidence from epidemiological studies have demonstrated a strong association between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Although the relative risk is small at an individual level, the ubiquitous nature of exposure to air pollution means that the absolute risk at a population level is on a par with “traditional” risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Of particular concern are findings that the strength of this association is stronger in low and middle income countries where air pollution is projected to rise as a result of rapid industrialisation. The underlying biological mechanisms through which air pollutants exert their effect on the vasculature are still an area of intense discussion. A greater understanding of the effect size and mechanisms is necessary to develop effective strategies at individual and policy levels to mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution.
참고문헌 (72)
- GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators, "Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015", Lancet, 388, pp.1659~1724 (2016)[DOI]
- Landrigan PJ, "The Lancet Commission on pollution and health", Lancet (2017)
- Mustafic H, "Main air pollutants and myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis", JAMA, 307, pp.713~721 (2012)[DOI]
- Shah AS, "Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis", Lancet, 382, pp.1039~1048 (2013)[DOI]
- Shah AS, "Short term exposure to air pollution and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis", BMJ, 350, pp.h1295~ (2015)
- GBD 2015 Mortality, "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015", Lancet, 388, pp.1459~1544 (2016)[DOI]
- GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, "Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders during 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015", Lancet Neurol, 16, pp.877~897 (2017)[DOI]
- Nichols M, "Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update", Eur Heart J, 35, pp.2950~2959 (2014)[DOI]
- Lelieveld J, "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale", Nature, 525, pp.367~371 (2015)[DOI]
- Kim AS, "Global stroke belt: geographic variation in stroke burden worldwide", Stroke, 46, pp.3564~3570 (2015)[DOI]
- Yadama GN, "Fires, Fuel, and the Fate of 3 Billion: The State of the Energy Impoverished" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Bonjour S, "Solid fuel use for household cooking: country and regional estimates for 1980-2010", Environ Health Perspect, 121, pp.784~790 (2013)[DOI]
- Cohen AJ, "Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015", Lancet, 389, pp.1907~1918 (2017)[DOI]
- GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators, "Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016", Lancet, 390, pp.1345~1422 (2017)[DOI]
- Eeftens M, "Development of Land Use Regression models for PM(2.5), PM(2.5) absorbance, PM(10) and PM(coarse) in 20 European study areas; results of the ESCAPE project", Environ Sci Technol, 46, pp.11195~11205 (2012)[DOI]
- van Donkelaar A, "Use of satellite observations for long-term exposure assessment of global concentrations of fine particulate matter", Environ Health Perspect, 123, pp.135~143 (2015)[DOI]
- Nawrot TS, "Public health importance of triggers of myocardial infarction: a comparative risk assessment", Lancet, 377, pp.732~740 (2011)[DOI]
- Hoek G, "Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio-respiratory mortality: a review", Environ Health, 12, pp.43~ (2013)[DOI]
- Faustini A, "Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of long-term studies", Eur Respir J, 44, pp.744~753 (2014)[DOI]
- Zhang P, "Longterm exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease in Shenyang, China", PLoS One, 6, pp.e20827~ (2011)[DOI]
- Stafoggia M, "Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of cerebrovascular events: results from 11 European cohorts within the ESCAPE project", Environ Health Perspect, 122, pp.919~925 (2014)
- Miller KA, "Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women", N Engl J Med, 356, pp.447~458 (2007)[DOI]
- Lipsett MJ, "Long-term exposure to air pollution and cardiorespiratory disease in the California teachers study cohort", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 184, pp.828~835 (2011)[DOI]
- Atkinson RW, "Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular diseases", Epidemiology, 24, pp.44~53 (2013)[DOI]
- Kloog I, "Acute and chronic effects of particles on hospital admissions in New-England", PLoS One, 7, pp.e34664~ (2012)[DOI]
- Newman JD, "Particulate air pollution and carotid artery stenosis", J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, pp.1150~1151 (2015)[DOI]
- Knox EG, "Meteorological associations of cerebrovascular disease mortality in England and Wales", J Epidemiol Community Health, 35, pp.220~223 (1981)[DOI]
- Zhang ZF, "Indoor air pollution of coal fumes as a risk factor of stroke, Shanghai", Am J Public Health, 78, pp.975~977 (1988)[DOI]
- Schwartz J, "What are people dying of on high air pollution days?", Environ Res, 64, pp.26~35 (1994)[DOI]
- Dominici F, "Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases", JAMA, 295, pp.1127~1134 (2006)[DOI]
- Leiva G MA, "A five-year study of particulate matter (PM2.5) and cerebrovascular diseases", Environ Pollut, 181, pp.1~6 (2013)[DOI]
- Villeneuve PJ, "Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on stroke: who is most vulnerable?", Sci Total Environ, 430, pp.193~201 (2012)[DOI]
- Miller MR, "Inhaled nanoparticles accumulate at sites of vascular disease", ACS Nano, 11, pp.4542~4552 (2017)[DOI]
- Mills NL, "Adverse cardiovascular effects of air pollution", Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med, 6, pp.36~44 (2009)[DOI]
- Guo L, "Seasonal variation in air particulate matter (PM10) exposure-induced ischemia-like injuries in the rat brain", Chem Res Toxicol, 28, pp.431~439 (2015)[DOI]
- Davis DA, "Urban air pollutants reduce synaptic function of CA1 neurons via an NMDA", NO pathway in vitro, 2013, pp.127, 509~519
- Morgan TE, "Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro", Environ Health Perspect, 119, pp.1003~1009 (2011)[DOI]
- Wallenborn JG, "Cardiopulmonary responses of Wistar Kyoto, spontaneously hypertensive, and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats to particulate matter (PM) exposure", J Toxicol Environ Health A, 70, pp.1912~1922 (2007)[DOI]
- Fujimaki H, "Distinct requirements for interleukin-6 in airway inflammation induced by diesel exhaust in mice", Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol, 28, pp.703~714 (2006)[DOI]
- Oppenheim HA, "Exposure to vehicle emissions results in altered blood brain barrier permeability and expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tight junction proteins in mice", Part Fibre Toxicol, 10, pp.62~ (2013)[DOI]
- Lucking AJ, "Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man", Eur Heart J, 29, pp.3043~3051 (2008)[DOI]
- Mills NL, "Ischemic and thrombotic effects of dilute diesel-exhaust inhalation in men with coronary heart disease", N Engl J Med, 357, pp.1075~1082 (2007)[DOI]
- Pope CA 3rd, "Exposure to fine particulate air pollution is associated with endothelial injury and systemic inflammation", Circ Res, 119, pp.1204~1214 (2016)[DOI]
- O'Toole TE, "Episodic exposure to fine particulate air pollution decreases circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells", Circ Res, 107, pp.200~203 (2010)[DOI]
- Wellenius GA, "Ambient fine particulate matter alters cerebral hemodynamics in the elderly", Stroke, 44, pp.1532~1536 (2013)[DOI]
- Miller MR, "The role of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular actions of particulate air pollution", Biochem Soc Trans, 42, pp.1006~1011 (2014)[DOI]
- Miller MR, "From particles to patients: oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution", Future Cardiol, 8, pp.577~602 (2012)[DOI]
- Seaton A, "Particulate air pollution and acute health effects", Lancet, 345, pp.176~178 (1995)[DOI]
- Tsai DH, "Effects of particulate matter on inflammatory markers in the general adult population", Part Fibre Toxicol, 9, pp.24~ (2012)[DOI]
- Ghio AJ, "Concentrated ambient air particles induce mild pulmonary inflammation in healthy human volunteers", Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162(3), pp.981~988 (2000)[DOI]
- Hoffmann B, "Chronic residential exposure to particulate matter air pollution and systemic inflammatory markers", Environ Health Perspect, 117, pp.1302~1308 (2009)[DOI]
- Mills NL, "Diesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction and impaired endogenous fibrinolysis", Circulation, 112, pp.3930~3936 (2005)[DOI]
- Gong KW, "Air-pollutant chemicals and oxidized lipids exhibit genome- wide synergistic effects on endothelial cells", Genome Biol, 8, pp.R149~ (2007)[DOI]
- Bruske I, "Ambient air pollution and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) in survivors of myocardial infarction", Environ Health Perspect, 119, pp.921~926 (2011)[DOI]
- Oberdorster G, "Extrapulmonary translocation of ultrafine carbon particles following whole-body inhalation exposure of rats", J Toxicol Environ Health A, 65, pp.1531~1543 (2002)[DOI]
- Aung HH, "Comparative gene responses to collected ambient particles in vitro: endothelial responses", Physiol Genomics, 43, pp.917~929 (2011)[DOI]
- Lee CC, "Motorcycle exhaust particles up-regulate expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells", Toxicol In Vitro, 26, pp.552~560 (2012)[DOI]
- Montiel-Davalos A, "PM2.5 and PM10 induce the expression of adhesion molecules and the adhesion of monocytic cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells", Inhal Toxicol, 19(Suppl 1), pp.91~98 (2007)[DOI]
- Sumanasekera WK, "Rapid effects of diesel exhaust particulate extracts on intracellular signaling in human endothelial cells", Toxicol Lett, 174, pp.61~73 (2007)[DOI]
- Chao MW, "Diesel exhaust particle exposure causes redistribution of endothelial tube VE-cadherin", Toxicology, 279, pp.73~84 (2011)[DOI]
- Li R, "Diesel exhaust particles modulate vascular endothelial cell permeability: implication of ZO-1 expression", Toxicol Lett, 197, pp.163~168 (2010)[DOI]
- Balasubramanian SK, "The effect of primary particle size on biodistribution of inhaled gold nano-agglomerates", Biomaterials, 34, pp.5439~5452 (2013)[DOI]
- Hopkins LE, "Repeated iron-soot exposure and nose-to-brain transport of inhaled ultrafine particles", Toxicol Pathol (2017)
- Pope CA 3rd, "Heart rate variability associated with particulate air pollution", Am Heart J, 138(5), pp.890~899 (1999)[DOI]
- Pieters N, "An epidemiological appraisal of the association between heart rate variability and particulate air pollution: a meta-analysis", Heart, 98, pp.1127~1135 (2012)[DOI]
- Tsuji H, "Impact of reduced heart rate variability on risk for cardiac events. The Framingham Heart Study", Circulation, 94, pp.2850~2855 (1996)[DOI]
- La Rovere MT, "Short-term heart rate variability strongly predicts sudden cardiac death in chronic heart failure patients", Circulation, 107, pp.565~570 (2003)[DOI]
- Wang T, "Particulate matter induces cardiac arrhythmias via dysregulation of carotid body sensitivity and cardiac sodium channels", Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 46, pp.524~531 (2012)[DOI]
- Nadziejko C, "Effect of particulate and gaseous pollutants on spontaneous arrhythmias in aged rats", Inhal Toxicol, 16, pp.373~380 (2004)[DOI]
- Chung JW, "Air pollution is associated with ischemic stroke via cardiogenic embolism", Stroke, 48, pp.17~23 (2017)[DOI]
- Miller MR, "Inflammation, Aging, and Oxidative Stress", pp.133~160 (2016), Springer
- "WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database" (2016)[URL]
