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혈액투석 환자에서 빈혈에 대한 L-carnitine 투여의 효과

Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on anemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis

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목적 : 혈액투석 환자에서는 여러 가지 원인에 의해 carnitine 결핍이 유발되며 이것은 투석 환자들의 빈혈과 관계가 있다고 알려져 있다. 여러 연구들에서 L- carnitine을 투석 환자들에게 투여 후 빈혈이 개선되거나 recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO)의 사용량을 줄일 수 있었다고 보고하였으나 아직 국내의 연구결과는 없다. 본 연구의 목적은 혈액투석 환자에서 L-carnitine 투여 후 빈혈이 호전되는지 확인하고, 호전된다면 그 기전으로 L-carnitine이 염증성 싸이토카인을 감소시키는 것과 관계가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 6개월 이상 정기적으로 주 3회 혈액투석을 받고 있는 안정된 환자들을 대상으로 혈청 carnitine치를 측정하여 그 측정치가 감소되어 있는 환자 40명을 대상으로 하여 6개월간 매 혈액투석 후에 L-carnitine을 정맥주사 하였다. 6개월간 L-carnitine 투여 전후로 혈색소치를 측정하고 주당 투여한 rHuEPO 용량을 조사하였으며, 철 기준척도, 염증반응의 지표 및 생화학적 검사 등의 혈액검사를 시행하였다. 또한 염증성 싸이토카인으로 알려진 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)와 interferon-γ (IFN-γ)의 농도를 측정하였다.결과 : 6개월간 L-carnitine 투여 후 환자들의 평균 혈색소치는 9.76±0.89 g/dL에서 9.96±0.82 g/dL로 변화가 없었으나(p>0.05), 주당 rHuEPO 용량은 L- carnitine 투여 전 3735.29±1728.76 U/week에서 투여 후 3000.02±1858.64 U/week로 용량을 줄일 수 있었다(p<0.05). 혈청 철 농도는 L-carnitine 사용 전후로 차이를 보이지 않았으나 혈청 transferrin 농도는 151.7±25.67 mg/dL에서 179.7±28.71 mg/dL로 증가하였고(p<0.01), 총 철결합능은 243.4±31.52 μg/dL에서 277.6±29.37 μg/dL로 증가하였으며(p<0.01), 혈청 ferritin치도 380.8±246.8 ng/mL에서 509.4±290.2 ng/mL로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 특히 혈청 transferrin 농도는 단 한명의 환자를 제외한 나머지 34명의 환자들에서 증가하였다. Transferrin 포화도는 차이가 없었으며, 그 외에 혈청 알부민, 부갑상선 호르몬, C-반응단백 등도 L-carnitine 투여 전후로 변화가 없었다. TNF-α와 IFN-γ 농도는 6개월간의 L-carninitine 투여 후 각각 4.58±3.07 pg/mL Vs 4.81±3.50 pg/mL (p>0.05), 69.26±141.8 pg/mL Vs 68.02±173.1 pg/mL (p>0.05)로 의미있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았다.

Abstract

Background : There are many causes of carnitine depletion in hemodialysis patients; carnitine insufficiency may contribute to renal anemia. In the current study, we examined whether L-carnitine supplementation could improve renal anemia. In addition, we examined whether proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) contribute to patient response to L-carnitine supplementation. Methods : We studied 40 hemodialysis patients; they showed decreased free carnitine levels and were selected to receive L-carnitine intravenously after each hemodialysis session for six months. Before and after treatment, we measured the level of hemoglobin, iron parameters, TNF-α, IFN-γ and weekly doses of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). Results : There was no difference in hemoglobin level, however the doses of weekly rHuEPO were decreased significantly after L-carnitine treatment (3735.29±1728.76 U/week Vs 3000.02±1858.64 U/week, p=0.02). The serum levels of transferrin, total iron binding capacity and ferritin were significantly increased after L-carnitine treatment. Transferrin saturation, serum albumin, parathyroid hormone and C-reactive protein were not changed. In addition, TNF-α and IFN-γ were not changed either. Conclusions : A reduction in rHuEPO was achieved during L-carnitine treatment while maintaining a constant hemoglobin level, which was not related to proinflammatory cytokines; however, it may be attributed to increased serum transferrin levels.(Korean J Med 71:285-292, 2006)

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