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Advanced Therapeutic Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Children – Today and Tomorrow

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초록

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and management of various pediatric GI disorders. Whilethe pace of development of pediatric GI endoscopy has increased over the years, it remains sluggish compared to the advancements inGI endoscopic interventions available in adults. The predominant reasons that explain this observation include lack of formal trainingcourses in advanced pediatric GI interventions, economic constraints in establishing a pediatric endoscopy unit, and unavailability ofpediatric-specific devices and accessories. However, the situation is changing and more pediatric GI specialists are now performingcomplex GI procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography for variouspancreatico-biliary diseases and more recently, per-oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia cardia. Endoscopic procedures are associatedwith reduced morbidity and mortality compared to open surgery for GI disorders. Notable examples include chronic pancreatitis,pancreatic fluid collections, various biliary diseases, and achalasia cardia for which previously open surgery was the treatment modalityof choice. A solid body of evidence supports the safety and efficacy of endoscopic management in adults. However, additions continueto be made to literature describing the pediatric population. An important consideration in children includes size of children, which inturn determines the selection of endoscopes and type of sedation that can be used for the procedure.

Abstract

Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy plays an indispensable role in the diagnosis and management of various pediatric GI disorders. Whilethe pace of development of pediatric GI endoscopy has increased over the years, it remains sluggish compared to the advancements inGI endoscopic interventions available in adults. The predominant reasons that explain this observation include lack of formal trainingcourses in advanced pediatric GI interventions, economic constraints in establishing a pediatric endoscopy unit, and unavailability ofpediatric-specific devices and accessories. However, the situation is changing and more pediatric GI specialists are now performingcomplex GI procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography for variouspancreatico-biliary diseases and more recently, per-oral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia cardia. Endoscopic procedures are associatedwith reduced morbidity and mortality compared to open surgery for GI disorders. Notable examples include chronic pancreatitis,pancreatic fluid collections, various biliary diseases, and achalasia cardia for which previously open surgery was the treatment modalityof choice. A solid body of evidence supports the safety and efficacy of endoscopic management in adults. However, additions continueto be made to literature describing the pediatric population. An important consideration in children includes size of children, which inturn determines the selection of endoscopes and type of sedation that can be used for the procedure.

참고문헌 (54)

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