관상동맥 중재술을 받은 급성 심근경색증 환자의 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 수치와 임상경과
Relationship between the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction
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목적: 최근에 인구의 고령화 및 생활습관의 변화로 심근경색증, 협심증 등의 관상동맥 질환은 최근 10여 년간 한국 성인에서 급증하여 주요 사망원인이 되고 있다. 관상동맥 질환의 위험인자로는 흡연, 고혈압, 당뇨병, 고지혈증 등이 잘 알려져 있으며, 이러한 위험인자를 조절하는 것이 관상동맥 질환의 예방과 치료에 필수적이다. 또한, 관상동맥 질환의 치료로써 경피적 관상동맥 풍선 확장술과 스텐트 삽입술과 같은 경피적 관상동맥 중재술(percutaneous coronary intervention: PCI)이 많이 시행되고 있다. 그러므로 이러한 위험인자들과 PCI 후 임상경과에 대한 연구는 급성심근 경색증 환자의 예방 및 치료에 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 LDL-C이 높을수록 관상동맥 중재술 후 임상경과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 전남대학교병원에 내원하여 급성 심근경색증으로 PCI 후 1년간 추적관찰 하였던 867명(62.6±12.0세, 남자; 70%)을 LDL-C 수치에 따라 다섯 군으로 나누어서 각 군 간에 관상동맥 중재술 후 임상경과와 그에 대해 영향을 끼칠 수 있는 요인들을 분석 검토하였다. 결과: 대상 환자의 위험인자는 흡연(63%), 고혈압(46%), 당뇨병(28%) 순이었다. LDL-C 수치가 높을수록 허혈성 심장질환의 과거력이 적었고(p=0.036), 크레아티닌 청소율은 증가하는 추세(p=0.039)였으며, hsCRP는 감소추세(p=0.000)였다. 160 mg/dL 미만에서 LDL-C이 증가할수록 NT-proBNP는 감소하였으며(p=0.002), LDL-C이 70 mg/dL 미만에서 관상동맥 중재술 시술 후 TIMI flow grade III가 유의하게 적었다(p=0.001). LDL-C 수치가 160 mg/dL 이상인 그룹을 제외하면, LDL-C이 높아질수록 PCI 후 병원 내 합병증 발생이 적었다(linear p=0.010). 1개월간 추적관찰하였을 때 LDL-C 각 군 간에 임상경과에 차이는 없었다. 1년 동안 추적관찰하였을 때 LDL-C이 100~129 mg/dL인 군에 비해 130~159 mg/ dL인 군에서 주요 심장 사건 발생률은 낮았으나(p=0.033), 사망률에는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 1년 간 사망률에 독립적인 예측인자로는 좌심실 구혈률(p<0.000), hsCRP (p=0.011), 나이(p=0.047), 크레아티닌 청소율(p=0.039) 등이었다. 결론: 관상동맥 중재술 시술을 받은 급성 심근경색증 환자에서 낮은 저밀도 지단백 콜레스테롤 수치를 보인 환자에서 병원 내 합병증 발생률이 높았으며, 장기적 임상경과와 무관하였다.
Abstract
Background/Aims: This study examined the relationship between the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2007, 867 patients (age, 62.6±12.5 years; males, 71%) undergoing a 1-year follow-up after PCI for AMI were divided into five groups according to the LDL-C level: <70, 70-100, 100-130, 130-160, and ≥160 mg/dL. Results: Smoking (63%), hypertension (46%), and diabetes mellitus (28%) were common risk factors. The history of ischemic heart disease decreased as the LDL-C level increased (p=0.036). Patients with lower LDL-C levels had lower creatinine clearance and higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. The rate of in-hospital complications after PCI declined with increases in the LDL-C level, except in patients with LDL-C >160 mg/dL (linear p=0.010). There was no correlation between the LDL-C level and the 30-day or 1-year clinical outcome after PCI. After multivariate adjustment, independent predictors of the 1-year mortality after PCI were left ventricular ejection fraction, hsCRP, age, and creatinine clearance. Conclusions: Higher LDL-C levels were related to fewer in-hospital complications, but there was no correlation between the LDL-C level and long-term clinical outcome after PCI in Korean patients with AMI.
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