Radiation Proctitis and Management Strategies
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Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment modality that uses high-energy rays or radioactive agents to generate ionizing radiation againstrapidly dividing cells. The main objective of using radiation in cancer therapy is to impair or halt the division of the tumor cells. Over the past few decades, advancements in technology, the introduction of newer methods of RT, and a better understanding of thepathophysiology of cancers have enabled physicians to deliver doses of radiation that match the exact dimensions of the tumor forgreater efficacy, with minimal exposure of the surrounding tissues. However, RT has numerous complications, the most commonbeing radiation proctitis (RP). It is characterized by damage to the rectal epithelium by secondary ionizing radiation. Based onthe onset of signs and symptoms, post-radiotherapy RP can be classified as acute or chronic, each with varying levels of severityand complication rates. The treatment options available for RP are limited, with most of the data on treatment available from casereports or small studies. Here, we describe the types of RT used in modern-day medicine and radiation-mediated tissue injury. Wehave primarily focused on the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment strategies, complications, andprognosis of RP.
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a treatment modality that uses high-energy rays or radioactive agents to generate ionizing radiation againstrapidly dividing cells. The main objective of using radiation in cancer therapy is to impair or halt the division of the tumor cells. Over the past few decades, advancements in technology, the introduction of newer methods of RT, and a better understanding of thepathophysiology of cancers have enabled physicians to deliver doses of radiation that match the exact dimensions of the tumor forgreater efficacy, with minimal exposure of the surrounding tissues. However, RT has numerous complications, the most commonbeing radiation proctitis (RP). It is characterized by damage to the rectal epithelium by secondary ionizing radiation. Based onthe onset of signs and symptoms, post-radiotherapy RP can be classified as acute or chronic, each with varying levels of severityand complication rates. The treatment options available for RP are limited, with most of the data on treatment available from casereports or small studies. Here, we describe the types of RT used in modern-day medicine and radiation-mediated tissue injury. Wehave primarily focused on the classification, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment strategies, complications, andprognosis of RP.
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