융복합기술로서 GMO에 관한 보도경향연구: 1994∼2015년까지 국내 주요일간지 기사분석을 중심으로
Study of Trend of Reporting on GMO as a Convergence Technology: Focused on analyzing Articles in Major Domestic Daily Newspapers from 1994 to 2015
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본 연구는 과학기술 위험이슈로서 GMO에 대한 보도경향을 확인하기 위해 조선일보, 한겨레를 대상으로 1994∼2015년까지 GMO 관련 기사를 내용 분석하였다. 분석 결과, ‘GMO 기술 도입기(1994-2000)’, ‘GMO 기술 발전기(2001-2010)’, ‘GMO 사회 수용기(2011-2015)’의 세 시기별로 ‘위험’, ‘불안/염려’라는 주제가 지속적으로 중요주제로 취급되고 있었고, 심층성이나 취재기자 전문성에서는 모든 시기에서 부족함이 드러났다. 이념적 지향점이 다른 언론 간 비교에서는 조선일보가 한겨레에 비해 보도주제, 논조 등에서 GMO에 대한 親기술적 성향이 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 보도논조에 따른 ‘위험-편익’주제와의 관계를 확인한 결과, 부정적 논조의 보도들은 GMO의 위험-편익에 있어서 ‘위험’을 긍정적 논조의 보도들은 GMO의 위험-편익에 있어서 ‘편익’을 중요하게 다루고 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 과학기술 위험논쟁의 대중인식에 있어 바로미터가 되는 국내 과학저널리즘의 주제편향성, 비전문성 등의 문제점 개선을 제언할 수 있겠다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the contents of articles on GMO in Chosun Ilbo and Hankyoreh from 1994 through 2015 to check the trend of reporting on GMO as a science and technology risk issue. As a result, ‘risk’ and ‘anxiety/concern’ were continuously treated as important subjects, and there was a lack of depth and journalist’s professionalism in all three periods: ‘Introduction of GMO technology (1994-2000)’, ‘Development of GMO technology (2001-2010)’ and ‘Social acceptance of GMO (2011-2015).’ In a comparison between the media with different ideological goals, the Chosun Ilbo had a stronger new-technological inclination to GMO than the Hankyoreh in reporting topics and tones of arguments. As a result of checking the relation of the tones in reporting with the ‘risk-benefit’ of GMO, reports in negative tones underlined ‘risk’ while those in positive tones, ‘benefit.’ This study could suggest improvements of subject bias and unprofessionalism in the domestic science journalism, the barometer of public awareness of disputes over science and technology risk.
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