Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in South Korea: A Retrospective Observational Study
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Purpose: Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (D-NTM) disease occurs primarily in immunocompromised hosts. However, these cases have rarely been reported in South Korea. This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations, disease course, and underlying immune deficiencies of patients with D-NTM disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of D-NTM disease from January 2005 to December 2019 at a tertia ry referral hospital in South Korea. D-NTM disease was defined as a bloodstream infection or infection of two or more non-contig uous body organs with species identification. Results: Of the 53342 mycobacterial samples from 23338 patients, extrapulmonary NTM was detected in 104 patients, and 3 (2.9%) were diagnosed with D-NTM disease. Mycobacterium avium was isolated from two patients, while M. abscessus subspecies absces sus was identified in one. The patients were aged between 18 and 25 years, and two patients were male. All patients were immuno compromised – one received lung transplantation, one was diagnosed with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with T-cell immune deficiency, and one had monocytopenia and mycobacterial infection syndrome associated with GATA2 mutations. All patients un derwent a standard macrolide-based regimen for >5 months, and their sputum tested negative. However, one patient died of bac terial sepsis, while the other two survived. Conclusion: D-NTM disease is rare in a tertiary referral center in South Korea. They occur primarily in immunocompromised pa tients at a relatively young age. Careful investigation of the underlying immune status is required when treating patients with D NTM disease.
Abstract
Purpose: Disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (D-NTM) disease occurs primarily in immunocompromised hosts. However, these cases have rarely been reported in South Korea. This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations, disease course, and underlying immune deficiencies of patients with D-NTM disease. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of D-NTM disease from January 2005 to December 2019 at a tertia ry referral hospital in South Korea. D-NTM disease was defined as a bloodstream infection or infection of two or more non-contig uous body organs with species identification. Results: Of the 53342 mycobacterial samples from 23338 patients, extrapulmonary NTM was detected in 104 patients, and 3 (2.9%) were diagnosed with D-NTM disease. Mycobacterium avium was isolated from two patients, while M. abscessus subspecies absces sus was identified in one. The patients were aged between 18 and 25 years, and two patients were male. All patients were immuno compromised – one received lung transplantation, one was diagnosed with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with T-cell immune deficiency, and one had monocytopenia and mycobacterial infection syndrome associated with GATA2 mutations. All patients un derwent a standard macrolide-based regimen for >5 months, and their sputum tested negative. However, one patient died of bac terial sepsis, while the other two survived. Conclusion: D-NTM disease is rare in a tertiary referral center in South Korea. They occur primarily in immunocompromised pa tients at a relatively young age. Careful investigation of the underlying immune status is required when treating patients with D NTM disease.
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