국내 정수장 먹는 물 중 폼아데히드 함유실태 조사 및 위해성 평가 연구
Analysis and risk assessment of formaldehyde in water from water purification plant in korea
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초록
폼알데히드는 피혁 제조나 사진 건판, 폭약 등을 만들 때 이용되며, 정수장에서 오존 처리시 생성되는 소독 부산물이기도 하다. 노출시 안구 가려움증, 간지러움, 콧물, 코막힘, 두통 등의 증상이 나타나며 목이 건조해지거나 염증이 유발된다. 폼알데히드는 US. EPA에서 호흡으로 흡입할 경우 발암등급 B1으로 분류하는 발암성 물질이다. 본 연구에서는 폼알데히드의 분석을 위해 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) 유도체를 만든 후, 고체상 카트리지를 사용하여 추출하였고 High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector (HPLC/DAD) 로 분석하였다. 검출 한계는 3 ㎍/L이고, 72.3~109.1%(상대표준편차 2.9~11.5%)의 회수율을 보였다. 1998년도부터 2007년도까지 4대강 수계를 중심으로 채수하여 분석한 결과, 정수에서 검출 빈도 48.8%(630/1291), 5.15~101.9 ㎍/L의 농도로 검출되었다. 먹는물 음용시 비발암성을 고려한 95 percentile 전국 평균 위험지수는 4.37×10−3로, 이는 1 이하였으므로 안전한 수준으로 판단하였다.
Abstract
Formaldehyde is used in lether manufacture, a dry plate and an explosive. It is by-product of ozonizing process in filtration plant. The effects of exposure are eye pruritus, tickle, runing nose, blocking nasal passages and headache. It also makes a dried throat and causes inflammation. It is classified as B1 group for inhalation by US. EPA, which can cause cancer in human. For analysis of formaldehyde, formaldehydes-DNPH derivative was extracted with solid cartridge and was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode Array Detector (HPLC/DAD). The detection limit was 3 μg/L and the recoveries were 72.3~109.1% (RSD 2.9~11.5%). Water samples were collected in four Korean rivers, four times per year seasonally for 10 years from 1998 to 2007. The monitoring results were 48.8% (630/1291), 5.15~101.9 μg/L in purified water. Because of noncarcinogen in drinking water, hazard index is calculated with RfD. Results of excess cnacer risk was below 1 and was considered as safe value.
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