Effective determination of nicotine enantiomers from e-liquids and biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)
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This study compared the efficacy of chiral GC and chiral HPLC for the analysis of nicotine. To develop a suitable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, the following parameters were optimized: pH, extraction solvent, dispersive solvent, type and quantity of salt, and laboratory temperature. The validation of the method was carried out by the established HPLC method. The LODs were 0.11 μg/mL and 0.17 μg/mL for the (S)- and (R)- enantiomers, respectively. The LOQs were 0.30 μg/mL and 0.44 μg/mL, respectively. The optimal calibration range was between 0.30-18 μg/mL and 0.44-4.40 μg/mL, respectively, and the correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9978-0.9996. The intra-day accuracy was 79.9-110.6 %, and the intra-day precision was 1.3-12.0 %. The inter-day accuracy was 87.8-108.0 %, and the inter-day precision was 4.0-12.8 %. E-liquid and biological fluids (urine and saliva) were analyzed using the established method.
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of chiral GC and chiral HPLC for the analysis of nicotine. To develop a suitable dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, the following parameters were optimized: pH, extraction solvent, dispersive solvent, type and quantity of salt, and laboratory temperature. The validation of the method was carried out by the established HPLC method. The LODs were 0.11 μg/mL and 0.17 μg/mL for the (S)- and (R)- enantiomers, respectively. The LOQs were 0.30 μg/mL and 0.44 μg/mL, respectively. The optimal calibration range was between 0.30-18 μg/mL and 0.44-4.40 μg/mL, respectively, and the correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.9978-0.9996. The intra-day accuracy was 79.9-110.6 %, and the intra-day precision was 1.3-12.0 %. The inter-day accuracy was 87.8-108.0 %, and the inter-day precision was 4.0-12.8 %. E-liquid and biological fluids (urine and saliva) were analyzed using the established method.
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