임플란트의 생존에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 장기간의 후향적 연구
Factors affecting the survival of implants: a long-term retrospective study
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목적: 이 연구는 임플란트의 장기간 생존율을 후향적으로 평가하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이었다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 1998년 1월부터 2012년 12월까지 강릉원주대학교 치과병원 치주과에서 식립된 임플란트 중 2013년 6월까지 주기적으로 검사가 이루어지고 있는 2265개의 임플란트를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 진료기록부와 방사선사진을 통해 성별, 연령, 흡연 여부, 임플란트 직경, 임플란트 길이, 임플란트 표면, 임플란트 식립 부위, 동반된 술식, 합병증 유무에 대한 자료를 조사하였다. 결과: 임플란트 식립 후 보철 전 생존율은 98.9%, 보철 후 5년간 누적생존율은 97.2%, 15년간 누적생존율은 95.2% 이었다. 단순로지스틱회귀분석 시 성별, 흡연 여부, 임플란트 식립 부위 및 합병증 유무가 임플란트 실패와 유의하게 관련되었다. 이 변수들로 다중로지스틱회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 흡연 여부와 합병증 유무만이 임플란트 실패와 유의하게관련된 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 2265개의 임플란트를 대상으로 15년간의 누적생존율을 조사한 결과 95.2% 이었다. 흡연가이거나, 임플란트 합병증이 존재할 경우 임플란트의 실패율이 유의하게 증가되었다.
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term survival of implants retrospectively and determine the risk factors associated with implant failure. Materials and Methods: Of all implants that were placed at the Department of Periodontology of the Dental Hospital of Gangneung-Wonju National University from January 1998 to December 2012, 2265 implants that were followed up until June 2013 were included in this study. Data were collected from clinical and radiographic examinations from previous visits. The information gathered included gender, age, smoking status, implant diameter, implant length, surface of implant, location of implant within the dental arch, surgical techniques and existence of complications. Results: The survival rate before loading was 98.9%. The cumulative survival rate after 5 years of loading was 97.2%, and after 15 years of loading was 95.2%. In a simple logistic regression analysis, gender (P = 0.016), smoking status (P = 0.001), location of implant (P = 0.020) and existence of complications (P = 0.002) were statistically associated with implant failure and included in the multiple regression analysis. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, the variables statistically associated with implant failure (P < 0.05) were smoking status (P = 0.049) and existence of complications (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The cumulative survival rate of dental implants after 15 years of loading was 95.2% and that the variables statistically associated with implant failure were smoking status and existence of complications.
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