가정폭력 피해여성의 학습된 무기력과 자립의지에 미치는 사회적 지지의 효과
Effect on the social support is a learned helplessness and will of independence of Female Victims of Domestic Violence
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초록
가정폭력피해여성에게 있어 반복된 폭력에 의해 형성된 학습된 무기력은 이들의 자립을 방해하여 다시 폭력이 있는 가정으로 돌아가는 악순환이 일어나게 한다. 본 연구는 사회적 지지가 가정폭력 피해여성의 무기력을 감소시킴으로써 자립의지를 고양시킬 수 있는지를 확인하고자 구조방정식 모형을 검증하였다. 가정폭력 쉼터여성 53명과 일반 가정폭력 피해여성 101명 등 154명을 대상으로 사회적 지지, 학습된 무기력, 자립의지 질문지를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 사회적 지지는 학습된 무기력에 부적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 학습된 무기력은 다시 자립의지에 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 사회적 지지는 가정폭력 피해여성의 학습된 무기력을 감소시켜 자립의지를 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 사회적 지지는 자립의지에 대해 간접효과 뿐 아니라 직접효과를 높이기도 하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 볼 때, 가정폭력 피해여성을 상담할 경우에는 피해여성의 무기력의 정도가 높다면 사회적 지지를 통하여 일차적 피해자인 가정폭력 피해여성뿐 아니라 자녀들까지 보호받도록 하여 폭력의 세대 간 전달을 막고 무기력에서 벗어나도록 도와주어야 한다. 상담자는 사회적 지지자로서의 역할을 할 수 있으며 사회적 지지자를 찾아 연계해줄 수 있음을 제안하면서 논의하였다.
Abstract
Female domestic violence victims' helplessness learned by repeated violence impedes their independence and thereby makes them return to violent home as a vicious circle. This study examined a structural equation model to see if social support would reduce female domestic violence victims' helplessness and improve their will of independence. A questionnaire survey of social support, learned helplessness, and the will of independence was conducted with 154 female domestic violence victims (53 victims in shelter and 101 general women who experienced domestic violence), and drew the following results. Social support negatively influenced their learned helplessness which negatively influenced their will of independence. So, social support has been shown to decrease the learned helplessness of women victim of home violence, thereby increasing their will to become independent. In addition, social support not only indirect effect but also direct effect on self-reliance. This study made a suggestion that in terms of counselling for female domestic violence victims, a counsellor was able to serve as a social supporter and to find a social supporter for connection. According to study results, if the helplessness is intensive when counselling victims. Also, it is necessary to protect not only the primary victims, the women suffering from domestic violence, but also their children through social support in order to prevent the inheritance of violence to the next generations and help victims to relieve themselves from helplessness. This study made a suggestion that in terms of counselling for female domestic violence victims, a counsellor was able to serve as a social supporter and to find a social supporter for connection.
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