산업 특성 및 최고경영진 특성이 R&D 투자에 미치는 효과: 미국 제조기업의 경우
Effects of Industry Characteristics and Top Management Team Characteristics on R&D Investment: A Case of US Manufacturing Firms
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초록
본 연구는 기업의 R&D 투자에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고 산업조직론과 자원거점론의 관점에서 기업의 R&D 투자 행동을 설명하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해서 산업 환경과 기업 내의 자원이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 환경 요인 중 환경 불확실성은 기업의 R&D 투자와 U자형의 관계를, 산업 경쟁강도와 산업 성장성은 정(+)의 관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 기업 내 자원 요인 중 CEO의 근속년수는 역 U자형의 관계를 가지며, 나이는 적을수록, 장기보상 정도는 높을수록 R&D 투자를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. TMT의 다양성 중에는 업무지식 다양성만 R&D 투자에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 결과를 보였다. 결과적으로 기업의 R&D 투자행동을 결정함에 있어서는 산업조직론과 자원거점론의 입장에서 외부 환경과 내부 환경의 요인들을 동시에 고려하는 것이 중요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants for a firm's R&D investment based on the industrial organization(IO) and resource based view of the firm(RBV) perspectives. Regarding the IO perspective, we find that environmental uncertainty has a curvilinear(i.e, inverted U-shaped) effect on a firm's R&D investment whereas degree of industrial competition and industrial growth rate have positive effects on a firm's R&D investment. With regard to the RBV perspective, we find that CEO's tenure has a curvilinear, U-shaped effect, CEO's age has a negative effect and long-term compensation level has a positive effect on a firm's R&D investment. We further find that only TMT functional background diversity is positively associated with a firm's R&D investment. Finally, this study shows that the IO and RBV viewpoints should be considered together in explaining a firm's R&D investment decision.
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