비감사서비스의 제공이 감사인의 독립성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구들의 비판적 검토 및 제안
A Critical Review and Suggestions on Future Studies on the Research about the Relationship between Non-Audit Service Provisions and Auditor Independence
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초록
2001년 미국의 Enron사는 분식회계 결과가 공표된 후 파산하였고, Enron사의 회계감사를 실시하였던 Arthur Andersen 역시 청산되었다. 이러한 일련의 사건들은, 감사서비스와 더불어 비감사서비스를 동시에 제공하고 있는 회계법인들의 독립성에 심각한 의심을 품게 하는 계기가 되었다. 미국 의회는 2002년 7월에 사베인스-옥슬리 법안을 통과시켜 동일 감사인의 비감사서비스 중 9가지 사항을 제한하였고, 이러한 움직임에 따라 금융감독원도 동일 감사인이 제공하는 비감사서비스의 종류를 일부 제한하였다. 이러한 상황하에서 현재 세계 회계학계의 가장 큰 관심사중의 하나는 비감사서비스의 제공이 과연 회계감사인의 독립성을 해치느냐 하는 것으로서, 현재 국내외에서 이 분야에 대한 수많은 연구들이 이미 진행되었거나, 현재 진행 중이다. 본 연구에서는 이 주제에 대한 선행연구들을 회계법인이 비감사서비스를 피감사 회사에 제공하는 것이 1) 회계감사의견, 2) 회계발생액(accruals), 3) 시장참가자의 반응, 4) 회계감사 보수와 어떻게 관련이 있느냐 하는 것과, 5) 비감사서비스 구매의 유형과 동기의 다섯 가지 세부주제로 구분하여, 이에 대한 종합적인 비판적 고찰을 수행하였다. 총 50개 이상의 선행연구들이 분석 대상이 되었다. 문헌연구가 빠지기 쉬운 나열식 해설이 아니라 전체적인 주제별 분류를 통하여 숲을 볼 수 있도록 하였으며, 각각의 연구들을 개별적으로 설명한 후 추가적으로 비판적 고찰을 통하여 기존 연구들의 연구주제 및 연구방법론상의 문제점들을 설명하였다. 추가적으로 미래에 가능한 후속 연구들도 소개하였다. 이러한 분석적 고찰은 실무계 및 규제기관의 담당자들이 회계학 학술연구의 결과를 보다 손쉽게 접할 수 있게 하여 의사결정에 이용할 수 있을 것이다. 학계에서도 본 연구를 이용하여 과거의 선행연구들을 손쉽게 정리 및 비교할 수 있을 것이며, 연구방법론 등을 학습하여 후속 연구에 이용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한 본 연구에 소개된 미래에 연구가능한 주제들을 이용하여 후속 연구를 수행할 수도 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Enron bankrupted in 2001 after revealing a massive accounting fraud. Subsequently, Arthur Andersen, the auditor of Enron, disrupted in turmoil. Public was in a shock and doubted the independence of auditors who provide both audit and consulting service to a same client, such as the case of Arthur Andersen. The U.S. congress passed Sarbanes-Oxley Act in July 2002, which restricted the provisions of several kinds of consulting service provided by auditors. The Financial Advisory Service of Korea is also considering a similar regulation. In this situation, one of the hottest topic in accounting research is if the provision of non-audit service actually impairs auditor independence. This paper critically reviews prior research on this issue. This paper classifies the research into five categories based on the sub-subjects of the research. Those sub-subjects are the relationship between the provision of non-audit service by auditor and 1) audit opinion, 2) accounting accruals, 3) the response of the market participants, and 4) audit fee; as well as 5) the motivation/type to purchase non-audit service by clients. Within each subject, this paper reviews individual research to provide a clear understanding of the research as well as the subject itself to provide a general picture on the subject. Practitioners and regulators may use this study in understating past scientific studies easily. It is also expected that this study help academics in summarizing strengths and weakness of past research and methodologies.
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