본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

National System of Innovation and Transition Countries : A Comparative Analysis of Korea and China

1

조회

0

다운로드

0

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

This paper develops an analytical framework by comparing two idiosyncratic national systems of innovation, namely Korea and China. Four generic institutions and their functions in the system are analyzed: government, science and technology policy, industry, research and development (R&D) activities, education system and human resource development, and the interaction and linkage among players. First, the study found that the role of government was decisive in guiding and promoting the technological development in both countries. Second, Korea’s innovation system is based on large firms and efficient interactions among players of the National System of Innovation (NSI) as well as high social commitment in education while Chinese economic structure promoted the development of low and medium technology oriented, scale intensive industries. Third, Korea pursues the idea of techno-nationalism in building its national capability of innovation, while China embraces an ideology of techno-hybrid regime attracting foreign direct investment and international joint venture as an important means of acquiring advanced technology. This paper argues, based on these contrasts, that the persistence of a strong role of government and existing institutional set-up rejects that the current convergence view of a single best organizational and policy structure for the construction of the NSI and national strategy of technology development is essential to be the best. In fact, it suggests a more viable alternative model of coping with a country-specific institutional arrangement in Korea and China.

Abstract

This paper develops an analytical framework by comparing two idiosyncratic national systems of innovation, namely Korea and China. Four generic institutions and their functions in the system are analyzed: government, science and technology policy, industry, research and development (R&D) activities, education system and human resource development, and the interaction and linkage among players. First, the study found that the role of government was decisive in guiding and promoting the technological development in both countries. Second, Korea’s innovation system is based on large firms and efficient interactions among players of the National System of Innovation (NSI) as well as high social commitment in education while Chinese economic structure promoted the development of low and medium technology oriented, scale intensive industries. Third, Korea pursues the idea of techno-nationalism in building its national capability of innovation, while China embraces an ideology of techno-hybrid regime attracting foreign direct investment and international joint venture as an important means of acquiring advanced technology. This paper argues, based on these contrasts, that the persistence of a strong role of government and existing institutional set-up rejects that the current convergence view of a single best organizational and policy structure for the construction of the NSI and national strategy of technology development is essential to be the best. In fact, it suggests a more viable alternative model of coping with a country-specific institutional arrangement in Korea and China.

참고문헌 (67)

  1. Arnold, D. J, "New Strategies in Emerging Markets", Sloan Management Review, 40(1), pp.7~20 (1998)
  2. Bartholomew,S, "National Systems of Biotechnology Innovation: Complex Interdependence in the Global System", Journal of International Business Studies, 21, pp.241~266 (1997)
  3. Capron, H, "The National Innovation System of Belgium: the Institutional Profile", CESIT discussion Papers, 2000~2001 (2000)
  4. Chang, P-L, "The Innovation Systems of Taiwan and China: a Comparative Analysis", Technovation, 24(7), pp.529~539 (2004)
  5. Chang, S. J, "When and How Does Business Group Affiliation Promote Firm Innovation? A Tale of Two Emerging Economies", Organization Science, 17(5), pp.637~656 (2006)
  6. Child, J, "China's Transition and its Implications for International Business", Journal of International Business Studies, 32, pp.5~21 (2001)
  7. Dosi, G, "The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade" (1990), New York University Press
  8. Dodgson,M, "Policies for Science, Technology and Innovation in Asian Newly Industrializing Economies in Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  9. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development(EBRD), "Transition Report" (1998), EBRD
  10. Edquist,C, "System of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organizations" (1997), Pinter
  11. Freeman,C, "Technology Policy and Economic Performance, Lessons from Japan" (1987), Pinter
  12. Freeman,C, "The National System of Innovation in Historical Perspective", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19(1), pp.5~24 (1995)
  13. Freeman, C, "Structural Crises of Adjustment, Business Cycle and Investment Behaviour", ~ (1988)
  14. Freeman, C, "The Economics of Industrial Innovation, Third edition" (1997), Pinter
  15. Gu,S, "China’s Industrial Technology: Market Reform and Organizational Change" (1999), Routledge
  16. Hall, P. A, "Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage" (2001), Oxford University Press
  17. Hobday,M, "Innovation in East Asia: The Challenge to Japan" (1994), Edward Elgar
  18. Hoskisson, R. E., "Strategy in Emerging Economies", Academy of Management Journal, 43, pp.249~267 (2000)
  19. Hu,Z.J, "National Innovation System: a Theoretical Analysis and an International Comparison(in Chinese)" (2000), Social Science Literature Press
  20. Jefferson, G. H, "Enterprise Reform in China: Ownership, Transition and Performance" (1999), Oxford University Press
  21. KEDI(Korea Educational Development Institute), "Statistics of Education" (2007), KEDI
  22. Keller, W. W, "Crisis and Innovation in Asian Technology" (2002), University Press
  23. Kim,E.M, "Big Business, Strong State: Collusion and Conflict in South Korean Development, 1960-1990" (1997), State University of New York Press
  24. Korean System of Innovation and the Semiconductor Industry: a Governance Perspective, "Kim,S.R", University of Sussex, ~ (1996)
  25. Kim,L, "Stages of Development of Industrial Technology in a Developing Country: a Model", Research Policy, 9, pp.254~277 (1980)
  26. Kim,L, "Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of Korea’s Technological Learning" (1997), Harvard Business School Press
  27. Kim,L, "Learning and Innovation in Economic Development" (1999), Edward Elgar
  28. Kim, L, "Technology Policy for Industrialization: An Integrative Framework and Korea’s Experience", Research Policy, 21, pp.437~452 (1992)
  29. Kim, L, "Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  30. Kogut,B, "Country Capabilities and the Permeabilities of Borders", Strategic Management Journal, 12, pp.33~47 (1991)
  31. KNSO(Korea National Statistical Office), "International Statistic Yearbook" (2004), KNSO
  32. Lall,S, "Learning from the Asian Tigers: Studies in Technology and Industrial policy" (1996), Macmillan
  33. Lall,S, "Technological Change and Industrialization in the Asian Newly Industrializing Economies: Achievements and Challenges in Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  34. Lee,K, "Chinese Firms and the State in Transition: Property Rights and Agency Problems in the Reform era" (1991), M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
  35. Lee, K, "Technological Regimes, Catching-up and Leapfrogging: Findings from the Korean Industries", Research Policy, 30, pp.459~483 (2001)
  36. Lee,W-Y, "The Role of Science and Technology Policy in Korea’s Industrial Development in Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies" (2000), Cambridge University Press
  37. Lee, S. H, "Government Policy and Trajectories of Radical Rnnovation in Dirigiste States: A Comparative Analysis of National Innovation Systems in France and Korea", Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 19(4), pp.451~470 (2007)
  38. Lee, K, "Technological Regimes, Catching-up and Leapfrogging: Findings from the Korean Industries", Research Policy, 30, pp.459~483 (2001)
  39. Li Ka-Shing Foundation, "The 5th Cheung Kong Scholars award Ceremony Held in Beijing", Li Ka-Shing Foundation: http:, www.lksf.org, pp.2006, ~
  40. Liu, X, "Comparing Innovation Systems: a Framework and Application to China’s Transitional Context", Research Policy, 30, pp.1091~1114 (2001)
  41. Lundvall,B-A, "National Systems of Innovation" (1992), Pinter
  42. Lundvall,B-A, "Why Study National Systems and National Styles of Innovation?", Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 10, pp.407~421 (1998)
  43. Malerba,F, "Sectoral Systems of Innovation" (2004), Cambridge University Press
  44. Metcalfe,J.S, "Technology Systems and Technology Policy in an Evolutionary Framework", Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19(1), pp.25~46 (1995)
  45. Science and Technology Activity Report, "MOST(Ministry of Science and Technology)", Ministry of Science and Technology, ~ (2007)
  46. Mowery, D. C, "Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries" (1999), Cambridge University Press
  47. MSTC(Ministry of Science and Technology of People's Republic of China), "Science and Technology Statistics Data Book", MSTC, ~, Various Years
  48. Nelson,R.R, "National Innovation System:a Comparative Analysis" (1993), Oxford University Press
  49. Nelson, R. R, "Technical Innovation and National Systems in National System of Innovation: a Comparative Study" (1993), Oxford University Press
  50. OECD, "Technology and Economy:The key relationships" (1992), OECD
  51. OECD, "Economic Surveys:Korea" (1999), OECD
  52. OECD, "Science,Technology and Industry Outlook 2004" (2004), OECD
  53. OECD, "Main Science and Technology Indicators(MSTI)" (2005), OECD
  54. OECD, "Science and Innovation:Country Nnotes" (2008), OECD
  55. Ostry, S, "Techno-nationalism and Techno-globalism" (1995), Brookings Institution
  56. Patel, P, "National Innovation Systems: Why They are Important, and How They Might be Measured and Compared", Economic Innovation and New Technology, 3, pp.77~95 (1994)
  57. Pavitt,K, "Sectoral Patterns of Technical Change: Towards a Taxonomy and a Theory", Research Policy, 13(6), pp.343~373 (1984)
  58. Porter,M, "The Competitive Advantage of Nations" (1990), The Free Press
  59. Powell, W. W, "The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis" (1991), University of Chicago Press
  60. Saxenian,A, "Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Vally and Route 128" (1994), Harvard University Press
  61. Shi,Y, "Chinese Firms and Technology in the Reform era" (1998), Routledge
  62. Schumpeter,J, "The Theory of Economic Development" (1912), Harvard Economic Studies
  63. Senker,J, "National Systems of Innovation, Organizational Learning and Industrial Biotechnology", Technovation, 16, pp.219~229 (1996)
  64. Suh,J, "Korea’s Innovation System: Challenges and New Policy Agenda", UNU, 2000[DOI]
  65. New Ownership Forms in Transitional Economies: Emergence, Characteristics and Performance of China’s Joint Stock Companies, "Tse, David K", Chinese Management Centre, University of Hong Kong, ~, pp.Working Paper # 1999-003-01 (1999)
  66. World Bank, "The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy" (1993), Oxford University Press
  67. Wright, M, "Strategy Research in Emerging Economies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom", Journal of Management Studies, 42(1), pp.1~33 (2005)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (8건)