외래거북의 국내 현황 및 관리방안
Current Status and Management of Alien Turtles in Korea
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붉은귀거북(Trachemys) 속 전종이 2001년 환경부의 생태계교란생물로 지정되어 수입이 금지되어 있지만 대부분의 외래거북 국내 도입과 자연생태계 서식 현황은 아직까지 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는국내에 도입된 외래거북의 종류와 서식 실태를 밝히고 자연생태계에 대한 영향 및 향후 관리방향을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 외래거북은 국내에 총 9과 73종이 도입되었으며, 2008년 이후 연간 6,000kg 이상의 거북이 수입되어 동물판매업체와 재래시장, 개인 간 거래를 이용하여 전국적으로 유통되었다. 자연생태계 서식현황을 조사한 결과, Chrysemys picta, Pseudemys concinna, P. nelsoni, P. peninsularis, P. rubriventris, Mauremys sinensis, Macrochelys temminckii, Trachemys scripta 등 3과 8종이발견되었다. 국내에 도입된 외래거북 중 국외의 침입외래생물 관리 및 지정 현황을 검토하여 자라과(Trionychidae), 남생이과(Geoemydidae), 늪거북과(Emydidae), 늑대거북과(Chelydridae)에 속하는4과 13종을 외부 유출과 자연생태계 유입 관리가 필요한 외래거북으로 구분했다. 외래거북의 효과적 관리를 위해서는, 수입되는 외래거북은 수입목록에 등재하고, 수입목적, 유통, 관리실태 등 종합적인 정보를 관련 기관에서 공유해야 한다. 사육 및 유통자는 거북의 식별조치 및 관리기록을 의무화하고 관리기관은 거북의 이동 및 양도 상황을 주기적으로 점검하여 유입과 확산을 조기에 제어할 필요가 있다. 그리고자연 서식하는 외래거북 개체군의 변화를 정기적으로 조사하고, 확산으로 인한 생태적 영향이 큰 도서지역 및 생태경관보전지역 등의 지역에서는 즉각적인 관리계획을 수립하여 시행하는 등 적극적인 대응이필요하다. 또한, 국내 유입된 외래거북은 생태계에 대한 정기적 위해성평가를 통해 필요시 생태계교란 생물로 지정하고, 본 연구에서 외부 유출 및 자연생태계에 대한 유입관리가 필요한 것으로 제시한 4과 13종을 포함한 자연생태계 미유입 외래거북은 필요시 위해우려종에 포함하는 등 법제적 관리를 검토할 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Alien turtles belonging to Genus Trachemys have been designated as Invasive Alien Species since 2001 and their import has been banned in Korea. However, current status of import and distribution of the other alien turtles have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the taxa of alien turtles introduced into Korea, to assess their potential risks to the natural ecosystems and to suggest the future management directions of them in Korea. We identified 73 species of alien turtles belonging to 9 families. Since 2008, more than 6,000 kg of turtles have been imported annually and widely distributed through the pet shops, traditional markets and individual transactions. From the survey of natural habitats, we found that 8 species belonging to 3 families including Chrysemys picta, Pseudemys concinna, P. nelsoni, P. peninsularis, P. rubriventris, Mauremys sinensis, Macrochelys temminckii and Trachemys scripta have inhabited in 12 study sites. Out of 73 alien turtles, the potential adverse impacts of 13 species to ecosystems are serious when we considered status of designation of invasive alien species in other countries. For the management of alien turtles, it is required to register alien turtles in the import list and share general information such as import purpose, distribution and management condition among relevant authorities. The breeders and distributors must be obliged to identify turtles and to record management. The government must check transfer and migration of turtles periodically to prevent their introduction and spread into natural environments. The change of alien turtle populations in natural habitats should be monitored and their management plan should be developed to control the alien turtles in areas where the impacts are significant.
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