본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

무월경의 진단적 접근

Diagnostic approach of amenorrhea

1

조회

0

다운로드

4

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류산부인과학

초록

정상 월경은 시상하부-뇌하수체-난소-자궁 축의 완전한 기능적 상호작용에 의해 일어난다. 시상하부-뇌하수체-난소-자궁 축의 어느 위치에서라도 기능적 장애가 발생하면 무월경이 유발되며 가임여성에서 임신 또는 수유를 제외한 무월경의 유병률은 약 3~4% 정도이다. 무월경의 원인은 매우 다양하므로 진단을 위해서는 무월경을 유발할 수 있는 관련 질환들에 대한 광범위한 이해가 필요하며 원인들 중에는 생명을 위협할 수도 있는 치명적인 질환이 잠복해 있을 수 있다는 점을 염두에 두어야 한다. 무월경의 진단을 위해서는 철저한 병력 청취와 해부학적 평가, 염색체 확인, 생식내분비 양상의 평가가 필수적이며 거의 모든 무월경의 원인적 진단은 이러한 진단 수단을 이용한 단계적 접근에 의해 정확히 이루어질 수 있다.

Abstract

A complete interaction in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary-uterus (H-P-O-U) axis must take place in order for normal menstruation occurs. If any of the components in the H-P-O-U axis are nonfunctional, amenorrhea could occur. The prevalence of amenorrhea not due to pregnancy or lactation is approximately 3% to 4% in reproductive women. Because there are many causes of amenorrhea, the clinicians should be concerned with array of potential diseases and disorders involving unfamiliar organ systems, some carrying morbid and even lethal consequences for the patients. To explore the causes of amenorrhea, thorough evaluation of H-P-O-U axis and endocrinologic profiles are needed. The etiologic diagnosis is almost always possible with proceeding step by step approaches.

참고문헌 (46)

  1. Speroff L, "Amenorrhea. In Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed", pp.402~463 (2005), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  2. Herman-Giddens ME, "Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network", Pediatrics, 99, pp.505~512 (1997)
  3. Frisch RE, "Menstrual cycles: fatness as a determinant of minimum weight for height necessary for their maintenance or onset", Science, 185, pp.949~951 (1974)
  4. Lucas AR, "The ups and downs of anorexia nervosa", Int J Eat Disord, 26, pp.397~405 (1999)
  5. Welt CK, "Recombinant human leptin in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea", N Engl J Med, 351, pp.987~997 (2004)
  6. Rosenfield RL, "Clinical review 6: diagnosis and management of delayed puberty", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 70, pp.559~562 (1990)
  7. Hall JE, "Physiologic and genetic insights into the pathophysiology and management of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism", Ann Endocrinol (Paris), 60, pp.93~101 (1999)
  8. Oliveira LM, "The importance of autosomal genes in Kallmann syndrome: genotype- phenotype correlations and neuroendocrine characteristics", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp.1532~1538 (2001)
  9. Perkins RB, "Aetiology, previous menstrual function and patterns of neuro-endocrine disturbance as prognostic indicators in hypothalamic amenorrhoea", Hum Reprod, 16, pp.2198~2205 (2001)
  10. Herzog DB, "Eating disorders", N Engl J Med, 313, pp.295~303 (1985)
  11. Mehler PS, "Clinical practice. Bulimia nervosa", N Enl J Med, 349, pp.875~881 (2003)
  12. Olson BR, "Exercise-induced amenorrhea", Am Fam Physician, 39, pp.213~221 (1989)
  13. Highet R, "Athletic amenorrhoea. An update on aetiology, complications and management", Sports Med, 7, pp.82~108 (1989)
  14. Berek JS, "Amenorrhea. In Berek and Novak's Gynecology. 14th ed", pp.1035~1067 (2006), Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
  15. Layman LC, "Familial gonadotropin-releasing hormone resistance and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a family with multiple affected individuals", Fertil Steril, 75, pp.1148~1155 (2001)
  16. Beranova M, "Prevalence, phenotypic spectrum, and modes of inheritance of gonadotropin- releasing hormone receptor mutations in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 86, pp.1580~1588 (2001)
  17. Layman LC, "Delayed puberty and hypogonadism caused by mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit gene", N Engl J Med, 337, pp.607~611 (1997)
  18. Rosen GF, "Menstrual function and hirsutism in patients with gonadal dysgenesis", Obstet Gynecol, 71, pp.677~680 (1988)
  19. 이정호, "원발성 무월경의 임상적 고찰", Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 45(6), pp.19~19 (2002), 대한산부인과학회
  20. "Turner's syndrome", West J Med, 137, pp.32~44 (1982)
  21. Baughman FA Jr, "Two cases of primary amenorrhea with deletion of the long arm of the X chromosome (46, XXq-)", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 102, pp.1065~1069 (1968)
  22. Therman E, "The similarity of phenotypic effects caused by Xp and Xq deletions in the human female: a hypothesis", Hum Genet, 85, pp.175~183 (1990)
  23. Zinn AR, "Evidence for a Turner syndrome locus or loci at Xp11.2-p22.1", Am J Hum Genet, 63, pp.1757~1766 (1998)
  24. Ferguson-Smith MA, "Karyotype-phenotype correlations in gonadal dysgenesis and their bearing on the pathogenesis of malformations", J Med Genet, 2, pp.142~155 (1965)
  25. Cotinot C, "Molecular genetics of sex determination", Semin Reprod Med, 20, pp.157~168 (2002)
  26. 박준철, "혼합 성선이형성증환자에서 동반된 생식아세포종 1예", Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 45(7), pp.14~14 (2002), 대한산부인과학회
  27. Kim MJ, "Two cases of recovery of ovarian function and spontaneous pregnancy in women who were diagnosed as premature ovarian failure", Korean J Obstet Gynecol, 43, pp.145~149 (2000)
  28. Murray A, "Premature ovarian failure and the FMR1 gene", Semin Reprod Med, 18, pp.59~66 (2000)
  29. Allingham-Hawkins DJ, "Fragile X premutation is a significant risk factorfor premature ovarian failure: the International Collaborative POF in Fragile X study--preliminary data", Am J Med Genet, 83, pp.322~325 (1999)
  30. 박준철, "조기 난소기능 부전증 환자에서 자가면역 질환과의 상관관계", Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine, 31(3), pp.149~154 (2004), 대한생식의학회
  31. Kim MH, ""Gonadotropin-resistant ovaries" syndrome in association with secondary amenorrhea", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 120, pp.257~263 (1974)
  32. Bose HS, "The pathophysiology and genetics of congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia", N Engl J Med, 335, pp.1870~1878 (1996)
  33. Park KY, "A case of 17a-hydroxylase deficiency in 17-year-old girl", J Kor Soc Endocrinol, 11, pp.102~107 (1996)
  34. Bulun SE, "Clinical review 78: Aromatase deficiency in women and men: would you have predicted the phenotypes?", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 81, pp.867~871 (1996)
  35. Mullis PE, "Aromatase deficiency in a female who is compound heterozygote for two new point mutations in the P450arom gene: impact of estrogens on hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, multicystic ovaries, and bone densitometry in childhood", J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 82, pp.1739~1745 (1997)
  36. Latronico AC, "Brief report: testicular and ovarian resistance to luteinizing hormone caused by inactivating mutations of the luteinizing hormone- receptor gene", N Engl J Med, 334, pp.507~512 (1996)
  37. Latronico AC, "Naturally occurring mutations of the luteinizing hormone receptor gene affecting reproduction", Semin Reprod Med, 18, pp.17~20 (2000)
  38. Tapanainen JS, "Inactivating FSH receptor mutations and gonadal dysfunction", Mol Cell Endocrinol, 145, pp.129~135 (1998)
  39. 박준철, "선천성 질결여증 여성에서 신생질을 통한 난자채취에 의한 성공적인 대리모임신 1예", Korean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 46(3), pp.29~29 (2003), 대한산부인과학회
  40. "Current evaluation of amenorrhea", Fertil Steril, 90(5), pp.219~225 (2008)
  41. Kim JI, "A case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome with bilateralinguinal gonads", Korean J Obstet Gynecol, 42, pp.632~636 (1999)
  42. Kim PJ, "A case of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome which gonadectomy had been performed by pelviscope", Korean J Obstet Gynecol, 39, pp.1568~1575 (1996)
  43. Peterson RE, "Male pseudohermaphroditism due to steroid 5-alpha- reductase deficiency", Am J Med, 62, pp.170~191 (1977)
  44. Bachmann GA, "Prevalence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in a college population", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 144, pp.98~102 (1982)
  45. Reindollar RH, "Adult-onset amenorrhea: a study of 262 patients", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 155, pp.531~543 (1986)
  46. Reindollar RH, "Delayed sexual development: a study of 252 patients", Am J Obstet Gynecol, 140, pp.371~380 (1981)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)