서울시 민관합작 카셰어링의 시행효과 평가 - 교통형평성 개선을 중심으로 -
Evaluating the Impacts of Public Private Partnership Carsharing on Transport Equity in Seoul
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본 연구는 최초로 시행되어진 민관합작 카셰어링 사업의 시행 전후 효과를 평가를 통해 서울시의 카셰어링 사업인 나눔카의 교통형평성 개선 효과 검증 목적에서 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 서울시의 나눔카 서비스의 시행 효과를 평가한 뒤, 서울시를 5개 권역으로 구분하고 각 권역별 교통형평성 개선에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 우선적으로 나눔카 서비스 분석을 위해 사업자 규모가 큰 그린카(Green car)의 3년(2012, 2013, 2014)간의 서비스 제공 자료를 사용하였다. 3년간 자료 중 2012년 자료는 나눔카 서비스가 시행되기 전 민간 이용기록에 해당되어 나눔카 서비스 시행에 따른 효과분석을 검증하는데 중요한 비교 요인으로 사용되었다. 분석 결과에 따르면 나눔카 서비스 시행에 따라 카셰어링 차량 공급 비중과 이용자가 매년 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 지역별 교통형평성 분석 결과에 따르면 소득과 대중교통 접근성이 떨어지는 동북·남서권역의 차량 공급이 늘어난 것으로 나타났으며, 두 권역의 이용자 증가율이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 나눔카 서비스 시행은 카셰어링 이용자 확산에 긍정적인 효과를 제공하는 것으로 도출되었으며, 정부의 정책적 접근과 민간 기업의 서비스가 협력되어 제공될 때 교통형평성 개선에 더 큰 효과를 내는 것을 확인하였다.
Abstract
From February 2013, the Seoul City Government launched a public private partnership (PPP) carsharing program called “Nanum Car” in corporation with private carsharing firms, which were commissioned to use the public parking lots assigned to the program by the city. The aim of this study is to explore how the carsharing program contributed to improving transportation equity in Seoul. The descriptive analysis results reveal that the number of carsharing users rose by 275% two year after, while average running distance per renter was shortened by 19%. Impacts on transport equity are investigated as well. Women and the younger generation with poor access to private vehicles are found to be the major beneficiaries of the program. Given that the highest growth among the five observed regions in Seoul was the North-Eastern region, which is the lowest in both income and public transportation service, inferring Nanum carsharing helps to some extent improve transport equity. This study suggests that a PPP carsharing like Nanum could be a viable alternative for a region, where heavy public investment cannot be expected for public transportation.
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