포르말린 유도 통증에 대한 전기 자극의 예방적 제통 연구
A Study of Pre-Emptive Analgesic Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Formalin Induced Pain
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초록
장애인의 신체 재활에 참여하고 있는 물리치료사들은 근골격계 손상이나 수술 후 환자 재활을 돕기 위하여 전기 자극을 도구로 사용하고 있다. 본 연구는 저빈도 전기 자극 및 고빈도 전기자극이 수술 후 통증을 예방적으로 제통 시킬 수 있는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 24마리의 실험동물을 전기 자극을 위약 적용한 위약 대조군, 7Hz 및 120Hz 전기 자극을 실시한 저빈도 전기 자극군과 고빈도 전기 자극군에 무작위 배치하여 전기 자극을 20분간 족부에 실시한 뒤 5% 포르말린을 비복 신경 영역에 주입하였다. 5% 포르말린 주입에 의해 발생되는 특이적 통증 반응은 디지털 캠코더로 촬영하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과, 5% 포르말린은 1상 통증 반응을 30분까지 지속시켰고 2상 통증 반응을 35분부터 60분까지 지속시켰다. 전기자극에 의한 전체적인 통증 반응의 감소는 저빈도 전기 자극 및 고빈도 전기 자극 모두 가능하였다. 특히 2상 통증 행동의 감소는 저빈도 전기자극이 고빈도 전기자극보다 우수하였고, 1상 통증 행동의 감소는 고빈도 전기자극이 저빈도 전기자극보다 우수하였다. 이러한 결과들은 수술 후 통증의 주요 문제인 2상 통증 반응을 감소시키는데 저빈도 전기자극이 효과적임을 말해 주고 있다.
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is used clinically by variety of health care professional for the reduction post-operative pain. The aim of this study was to determine both low and high frequency electrical stimulation before formalin injection would result in pre-emptive pain relief. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided randomly to three groups. The sham control group (SCON) received sham electrical stimulation and low frequency electrical stimulation group (LFES) received electrical stimulation at 7 Hz for 20 minutes and high frequency stimulation group (HFSG) received electrical stimulation at 120 Hz for 20 minutes before formalin injection. A nociceptive behavioral test was performed by digital camcorder after injection 5% formalin into the sural nerve zone of dorsal foot. Formalin injection caused an phase one response which is lasted for the 30 minutes and phase two response occurred 35 minutes which is lasted for the 60 minutes. A mean of nociceptive behaviors in LFES and HFSG show significantly lower than SCON. Especially, LFES had greater effect than HFSG in phase two whereas HFSG had greater effect than LFES in phase one. This finding show that pre-treatment with low frequency electrical stimulation may be a more effective method to prevent the post-operative pain.
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