본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

알츠하이머병에서의 우울증

Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

2

조회

0

다운로드

5

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류신경과학

초록

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric complications of Alzheimer disease (AD), affecting from 30% to 50% of prevalence, with most estimates in the 20-30% range. Because of having a presentation in the context of AD that differs from typical early-onset depression, it is not easy one to detect and quantify reliably, and can be difficulty to differentiate depression from the other neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. Due to the lack of large randomized trials, optimal treatment and the true degree of efficacy remains undetermined. However, these treatments can reduce adverse impact of depression on patients and caregivers. This article provides a practical discussion of the diagnosis, evaluation, differential diagnosis and treatment of depression in AD for the clinician.

Abstract

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric complications of Alzheimer disease (AD), affecting from 30% to 50% of prevalence, with most estimates in the 20-30% range. Because of having a presentation in the context of AD that differs from typical early-onset depression, it is not easy one to detect and quantify reliably, and can be difficulty to differentiate depression from the other neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. Due to the lack of large randomized trials, optimal treatment and the true degree of efficacy remains undetermined. However, these treatments can reduce adverse impact of depression on patients and caregivers. This article provides a practical discussion of the diagnosis, evaluation, differential diagnosis and treatment of depression in AD for the clinician.

참고문헌 (90)

  1. Devier DJ, "Predictive utility of type and duration of symptoms at initial presentation in patients with mild cognitive impairment", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 30, pp.238~244 (2010)
  2. Wilson RS, "Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in a community population of older persons", J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 75, pp.126~129 (2004)
  3. Devanand DP, "Depressed mood and the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in elderly living in the community", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 53, pp.175~182 (1996)
  4. Wilson RS, "Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons", Neurology, 59, pp.364~370 (2002)
  5. Fuhrer R, "Exploring sex differences in the relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia incidence : prospective results from the PAQUID Study", J Am Geriatr Soc, 51, pp.1055~1063 (2003)
  6. Gonzales-Salvador T, "Quality of life of patients with dementia in long-term care", Int J Ger Psychiatry, 15, pp.181~189 (2000)
  7. Harwood DG, "Association between premorbid history of depression and current depression in Alzheimer’s disease", J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurology, 12, pp.72~75 (1999)
  8. Lyketsos CG, "Physical aggression in dementia patients and its relationship to depression", Am J Psychiatry, 156, pp.66~71 (1999)
  9. Gonzales-Salvador T, "The stress and psychological morbidity of the Alzheimer patient caregiver", Int J Ger Psychiatry, 14, pp.701~710 (1999)
  10. Steele C, "Psychiatric symptoms and nursing home placement of patients with Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Psychiatry, 147, pp.1049~1051 (1990)
  11. Lyketsos CG, "Major and minor depression in Alzheimer’s disease : prevalence and impact", J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosciences, 9, pp.556~561 (1997)
  12. Weiner MF, "Prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder in Alzheimer’s disease : findings from two databases", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 13, pp.8~12 (2002)
  13. Forsell Y, "Major depression in a population of demented and nondemented old people : prevalence and correlates", J Am Geriatr Soc, 46, pp.27~30 (1998)
  14. Lyketsos CG, "Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment: results from the cardiovascular health study", JAMA, 288, pp.1475~1483 (2002)
  15. Payne J, "Incidence, prevalence, and outcomes of depression in residents of a long term care facility with dementia", Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 7, pp.247~253 (2002)
  16. Teng E, "Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment toAlzheimer’s disease", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 24, pp.253~259 (2007)
  17. Levy ML, "Longitudinal assessment of symptoms of depression, agitation, and psychosis in 181 patients with Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Psychiatry, 153, pp.1438~1443 (1996)
  18. Olin JT, "Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer disease : rationale and background", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 10, pp.129~141 (2002)
  19. Holtzer R, "Depressive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease : natural course and temporal relation to function and cognitive status", J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, pp.2083~2089 (2005)
  20. Wilson RS, "Temporal course of depressive symptoms during the development of Alzheimer disease", Neurology, 75, pp.21~26 (2010)
  21. Kwak YT, "Clinical characteristics according to depression screening tools in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: view from self, caregiver-reported and drug-intervention pattern", Geriatr Gerontol Int, 13, pp.701~707 (2013)
  22. 곽용태, "Clinical Characteristics of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Patients with Drug-naïve Alzheimer’s Disease", Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders(대한치매학회지), 11(3), pp.87~94 (2012), 대한치매학회
  23. Saczynski JS, "Depressive symptoms and risk of dementia : the Framingham Heart Study", Neurology, 75, pp.35~41 (2010)
  24. Andersen K, "Depression and the risk of Alzheimer disease", Epidemiology, 16, pp.233~238 (2005)
  25. Gatz JL, "Do depressive symptoms predict Alzheimer’s disease and dementia?", J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60, pp.744~747 (2005)
  26. Chen R, "Severity of depression and risk for subsequent dementia : cohort studies in China and the UK", Br J Psychiatry, 193, pp.373~377 (2008)
  27. Byers AL, "Dysthymia and depression increase risk of dementia and mortality among older veterans", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20, pp.664~672 (2012)
  28. Irie F, "Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele genotype and the effect of depressive symptoms on the risk of dementia in men : the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 65, pp.906~912 (2008)
  29. Geerlings MI, "Depressive symptoms and risk of Alzheimer’s disease in more highly educated older people", J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, pp.1092~1097 (2000)
  30. Becker JT, "Depressed mood is not a risk factor for incident dementia in a communitybased cohort", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 17, pp.653~663 (2009)
  31. Lindsay J, "Risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease : a prospective analysis from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging", Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp.445~453 (2002)
  32. Vinkers DJ, "Temporal relation between depression and cognitive impairment in old age: prospective population based study", BMJ, 329, pp.881~883 (2004)
  33. Amieva H, "Prodromal Alzheimer’s disease: sucessive emergence of the clinical symptoms", Ann Neurol, 64, pp.492~498 (2008)
  34. Dal Forno G, "Depressive symptoms, sex, and risk for Alzheimer’s disease", Ann Neurol, 57, pp.381~387 (2005)
  35. Dotson VM, "Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment", Neurology, 75, pp.27~34 (2010)
  36. Barnes DE, "Mid-life versus late-life depressive symptoms and risk of dementia : differential effects for Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 69, pp.493~498 (2012)
  37. Green RC, "Depression as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease : the MIRAGE Study", Arch Neurol, 60, pp.753~759 (2003)
  38. American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders" (2000), American Psychiatric Press
  39. Hamilton, "M A rating scale for depression", J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 23, pp.56~62 (1960)
  40. Zubenko GS, "A collaborative study of the emergence and clinical features of the major depressive syndrome of Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Psychiatry, 160, pp.857~866 (2003)
  41. Alexopoulos GS, "Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia", Biol Psychiatry, 23, pp.271~284 (1988)
  42. Olin JT, "Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression of Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 10, pp.125~128 (2002)
  43. Teng E, "Diagnosing depression in Alzheimer’s disease with the national institute of mental health provisional criteria", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, pp.469~477 (2008)
  44. Beck AT, "An inventory for measuring depression", Arch Gen Psychiarty, 4, pp.561~571 (1961)
  45. Debruyne H, "Audenaert K, De Deyn PP, et al. Is the geriatric depression scale a reliable screening tool for depressive symptoms in elderly patients with cognitive impairment?", Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 24, pp.556~562 (2009)
  46. Reisberg B, "A Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease : phenomenology and treatment", J Clin Psychiatry, 48, pp.9~15 (1987)
  47. Tariot PN, "The behavior rating scale for dementia of the Consortium to establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Psychiatry, 152, pp.1349~1357 (1995)
  48. Cummings JL, "The neuropsychiatric Inventory : Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia", Neurology, 44, pp.2308~2314 (1994)
  49. Yesavage JA, "Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report", J Psychiartic Res, 17, pp.37~49 (1983)
  50. Heun R, "Depression in Alzheimer’s disease: is there a temporal relationship between the onset of depression and the onset of dementia?", Eur Psychiatry, 17, pp.254~258 (2002)
  51. Cummings JL, "The cholinergic hypothesis of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 6, pp.S64~S78 (1998)
  52. Whitford GM, "Alzheimer’s disease and serotonin: a review", Neuropsychobiology, 15, pp.133~142 (1986)
  53. Meltzer CC, "Serotonin in aging, late-life depression, and Alzheimer’s disease: the emerging role of functional imaging", Neuropsychopharmacology, 18, pp.407~430 (1998)
  54. Gareri P, "Neuropharmacology of depression in aging and age-related diseases", Ageing Res Rev, 1, pp.113~134 (2002)
  55. Forstl H, "Clinical and neuropathological correlates of depression in Alzheimer’s disease", Psychol Med, 22, pp.877~884 (1992)
  56. Zubenko GS, "Biological correlates of clinical heterogeneity in primary dementia", Neuropsychopharmacology, 6, pp.77~93 (1992)
  57. Zweig RM, "The neuropathology of aminergic nuclei in Alzheimer’s disease", Ann Neurol, 24, pp.233~242 (1988)
  58. Palmer AM, "Possible neurotransmitter basis of behavioral changes in Alzheimer’s disease", Ann Neurol, 23, pp.616~620 (1988)
  59. Zubenko GS, "Neurochemical correlates of major depression in primary dementia", Arch Neurol, 47, pp.209~214 (1990)
  60. Blin J, "Loss of brain 5HT2 receptors in Alzheimer’s disease: In vivo assessment with positron emission tomography and 18F setoperone", Brain, 116, pp.497~510 (1993)
  61. Rapp MA, "Increased neurofibrillary tangles in patients with Alzheimer’s disease with comorbid depression", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, pp.168~174 (2008)
  62. Wilson RS, "Depressive symptoms, clinical AD, and cortical plaques and tangles in older persons", Neurology, 61, pp.1102~1107 (2003)
  63. Teri L, "Behavioral treatment of depression in dementia patients : a controlled clinical trial", J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc, 52, pp.159~166 (1997)
  64. Teri L, "Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease : a randomized controlled trial", JAMA, 290, pp.2015~2022 (2003)
  65. DeRubeis RJ, "Cognitive therapy vs medications in the treatment of moderate to severe depression", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62, pp.409~416 (2005)
  66. Hollon SD, "Prevention of relapse following cognitive therapy vsmedications in moderate to severe depression", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 62, pp.417~422 (2005)
  67. Lyketsos CG, "Treating depression in Alzheimer disease: efficacy and safety of sertraline therapy, and the benefits of depression reduction: the DIADS", Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60, pp.737~746 (2003)
  68. Petracca G, "A double-blind placebo-controlled study of clomipramine in depressed patients with Alzheimer’s disease", J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 8, pp.270~275 (1996)
  69. Fuchs A, "Video rating analysis of effect of maprotiline in patients with dementia and depression", Pharmacopsychiatry, 26, pp.37~41 (1993)
  70. Roth M, "Meclobemide in elderly patients with cognitive decline and depression. An international double-blind, placebocontrolled trial", Br J Psychiatry, 168, pp.149~157 (1996)
  71. Nyth AL, "The clinical efficacy of citalopram in treatment of emotional disturbances in dementia disorders. A Nordic multicentre study", Br J Psychiatry, 157, pp.894~901 (1990)
  72. Rosenberg PB, "Sertraline for the treatment of depression in Alzheimer disease", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 18, pp.136~145 (2010)
  73. Banerjee S, "Sertraline or mirtazapine for depression in dementia (HTA-SADD): a randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Lancet, 378, pp.403~411 (2011)
  74. de Vasconcelos Cunha UG, "A placebo-controlled doubleblind randomized study of venlafaxine in the treatment of depression in dementia", Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 24, pp.36~41 (2007)
  75. Reifler BV, "Doubleblind trial of Imipramine in Alzheimer’s disease patients with and without depression", Am J Psychiatry, 146, pp.45~49 (1989)
  76. Petracca GM, "A double-blind, placebocontrolled study of fluoxetine in depressed patients with Alzheimer’s disease", Int Psychogeriatr, 13, pp.233~240 (2001)
  77. Nelson JC, "A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled antidepressant studies in people with depression and dementia", J Am Geriatr Soc, 59, pp.577~585 (2011)
  78. Lyketsos CG, "Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of sertraline in the treatment of depression complicating Alzheimer’s disease:initial results from the depression in Alzheimer’s disease study", Am J Psychiatry, 157, pp.1686~1689 (2000)
  79. Petracca GM, "A doubleblind placebocontrolled study of Fluoxetine in depressed patients with Alzheimer’s disease", Int Psychogeriatr, 13, pp.233~240 (2001)
  80. Munro CA, "Cognitive response to pharmacological treatment for depression in Alzheimer disease : secondary outcomes from the depression in Alzheimer’s disease study(DIADS)", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 12, pp.491~498 (2004)
  81. Cummings JL, "Reduction of behavioural disturbances and caregiver distress by galantamine in patients with Alzheimer’s disease", Am J Psychiatry, 161, pp.532~538 (2004)
  82. Gauthier S, "Functional, cognitive, and behavioral effects of donepezil in patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease", Curr Med Res Opin, 18, pp.347~354 (2002)
  83. Mega MS, "The spectrum of behavioral responses to cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in Alzheimer disease", Arch Neurol, 56, pp.1388~1393 (1999)
  84. Pinheiro D, "Anticonvulsantmood stabilizers in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)", Encephale, 34, pp.409~415 (2008)
  85. Sultzer DL, "Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer’s disease: Phase 1 outcomes from the CATIEAD effectiveness trial", Am J Psychiatry, 165, pp.844~854 (2008)
  86. Rao V, "The benefits and risks of ECT for patients with degenerative dementia who also suffer from depression", Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 15, pp.729~735 (2000)
  87. Rabins PV, "Practical dementia care" (1999), Oxford University Press
  88. Katz IR, "Comparison of risperidone and placebo for psychosis and behavioral disturbances associated with dementia: a randomized, double-blind trial", J Clin Psychiatry, 60, pp.107~115 (1999)
  89. Tariot PN, "Efficacy and tolerability of carbamazepine for agitation and aggression in dementia", Am J Psychiatry, 155, pp.54~61 (1998)
  90. Porsteinsson AP, "Placebo-controlled study of divalproex sodium for agitation in dementia", Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 9, pp.58~66 (2001)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (3건)