신진화론(neo-evolutionism)에 수용된 19세기 사회이론에 대한 비판적 검토
A Critical Review on the Social Theories of the 19th Century Influencing Neo- evolutionism
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
This paper aims to examine critically in what way the theoretical framework of Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber, who were sociologists worked in 19th century, was introduced in neo-evolutionism. Neo‐evolutionism, which was advent in the 1950s‐60s, has considerably influenced on the academia of Korean archaeology. Several topics including social evolutionary process, development of social hierarchical structure, and development and specialization of production, which was presented by neo‐evolutionists have provided theoretical basis to discuss the development of complex society and the origin of state in Korean archaeology. Although neo‐evolutionism was based on social evolutionism developed in the late 19th century in Europe and the USA, in related to the structure, principle and development pattern of social organization, a neo‐evolutionists positively adopted to model presented by Durkheim, Weber and Marx. However, neo‐evolutionists were not directly and uncritically adopted three sociologists theory, but selected their theoretical frameworks in accordance with their interests on the basis of world view of evolutionism that human society optimistically progresses. Social development model designed by neo‐evolutionists reflected the historical circumstances of the USA. In the 1950s, the USA seized economic, political and military hegemonic powers based on immense production force. On the contrary, this phase was an era of extreme anti‐communism in the USA, because the US was violently competed with the other superpower, the Soviet Union. Hence, neo‐evolutionists argued that the human society has positively and optimistically progressed and the social evolutionally process has brought about the increase of profits of social components. In this context, neo‐evolutionists positively adopted the functional model presented by Durkheim, who argued that, as society was more developed, social members would be more integrated and more closely connected such as organs, but excluded Marxist perspectives from their theoretical framework, because Marx insisted that human society evolved by conflicts and competitions between social classes. However, neo‐evolutionists were not able to ignore the issues of conflict occurred in between social groups and the violence of institutions established by the dominating groups. Therefore, by eliminating the conflict aspect of Weber's theory, they insisted that the social stratification and the legitimation of violence would develop and institutionalize for increasing social interests.
참고문헌 (53)
- 김광억, "국가형성에 관한 인류학적 이론과 한국고대사", 한국문화인류학, 17, pp.17~33 (2006)
- 이기동, "한국고대국가형성사 연구의 현황과 과제:신진화론의 원용문제를중심으로", 산운사학, 1, pp.47~70 (1989)
- 전경수, "신진화론과 국가형성론: 인류학이론의 올바른 적용을 위하여", 한국사론, 19, pp.569~600 (1998)
- 최몽룡, "한국고대국가형성에 대한 일고찰: 위만조선의 예" (1983), 김철준박사회갑기년 사학논총
- 최몽룡, "한국 지석묘 연구 이론과 방법: 계급사회의 발생" (2000), 주류성
- 최몽룡, "한국고대국가형성론: 고고학상으로 본 국가" (1997), 서울대학교출판부
- 한국고고학회, "계층사회와 지배자의 출현", 제30회 한국고고학전국대회 (2006)
- 한국고고학회, "국가형성에 대한 고고학적 접근", 제31회 한국고고학전국대회 (2007)
- Boas, F, "The Aims of Anthropological Research", Science, 76, pp.605~613 (1932)
- Boas, F, "Race, Language, and Culture" (1940), Macmillan
- Bloch, M, "Marxism and Anthropology" (1985), Oxford University Press
- Childe, V.G., "Man makes himself" (1936), Watts
- Childe, V.G., "What happened in history" (1942), Penguin
- Engels, F, "The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, “, In Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: collected works, Vol.26", pp.129~276 (1990), Progress Publishers
- Durkheim, E, "Selected Writings" (1972), Cambridge University Press
- Faulkner, N, "Gordon Childe and Marxist Archaeology", International Socialism, Issue, 116 (2007)
- Fried, M.H, "The Evolution of Political Society" (1967), Random House
- Giddens, A, "Capitalism and modern social theory: An analysis of the writings of Marx, Durkheim and Max Weber" (1971), Cambridge University Press
- Haas, J, "“Class conflict and the state in the New World”, In The Transition to Statehood in the New World", pp.80~102 (1981), Cambridge University Press
- Ghandi, A, "A Conversation with Eric Wolf", American Ethnologist, 14, pp.355~ (1987)
- Kitching, G.N, "Karl Marx and the Philosophy of Praxis: An Introduction and Critique" (1988), Routlege
- Mcluhan, "Technology and the Canadian Mind: Innis", pp.New World Perspectives, Grant
- McGuire, R, "A Marxist Archaeology" (1992), Academic Press
- Marx, K, "“Theses on Feuerbach”, In Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: collected works, Vol.5", pp.3~5 (1976), Progress Publishers
- Marx, K, "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy”, In Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: collected works, Vol.29", pp.257~417 (1987), Progress Publishers
- Marx, K, "Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. 1" (1954), Progress Publishers
- K. Marx, "“The German Ideology”, In Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: collected works, Vol. 5", pp.27~452 (1976), Progress Publishers
- K. Marx, "“Manifesto of the Communist Party”, In Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: collected works, Vol.6", pp.477~519 (1976), Progress Publishers
- Morgan, L.H, "Ancient Society; Or, Researches in the Lines of Human Progress from Savagery through Barbarism to Civilization" (1877), Holt
- Parsons, T, "“Introduction”, In T. Parsons (ed.), Max Weber: The Theory of Social and Economic Organization", pp.1~86 (1947), Oxford University Press
- Pauketat, T.R, "Chiefdoms and Other Archaeological Delusions" (2007), Altamira Press
- Patterson, T.C, "America's Past: A New World Archaeology" (1973), Scott, Foresman
- Peace, W.J, "Vere Gordon Childe and American Anthropology", Journal of Anthropological Research, 44, pp.417~433 (1988)
- Ratzel, F, "The History of Mankind" (1896), Macmillan
- Rivers, W.H.R, "The History of Melanesian Society" (1914), Cambridge University Press
- Sanderson, S.K, "Evolutionism and its Critics", Journal of World-Systems Research, 3, pp.94~114 (1997)
- Sanderson, S.K, "Conflict Theory, In The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology", pp.662~665 (2007), Blackwell
- Sahlins, D, "Evolution and Culture" (1960), University of Michigan Press
- Service, E, "Primitive social organization" (1962), Random House
- Service, E, "Origin of the State and Civilization: The Process of Cultural Evolution" (1975), Norton
- Service, E, "Classical and Modern Theories of the Origin of Government”, In Origin of the State: The Anthropology of Political System", pp.21~34 (1978), Institute for the Study of Human Issues
- Sherrat, A, "V. Gordon Childe: Archaeology and Intellectual History", Past & Present, (125), pp.151~185 (1989)
- Spencer, H, "First Principles" (1862), William & Naragate
- Smith, G.E, "The Ancient Egyptians and the Origin of Civilisation" (1923), Harper
- Steward, J, "Evolution and Process, In Archaeology Today", pp.313~326 (1953), University of Chicago Press
- Steward, J, "Theory of Cultural Change: The Method of Multilinear Evolution" (1955), University of Illinois Press
- Trigger, B.G, "A history of archaeological thought" (1989), Cambridge University Press
- Trigger, B.G, "Sociocultural Evolution" (1998), Willey-Blackwell
- Tylor, E.B, "Primitive Culture: Researches into Development of Mythology, Philosophy, Religion, Art, and Custom" (1971), John Murray
- Weber. M, "From Max Weber: essays in sociology" (1948), Routledge and Kegan Paul
- White, L.A, "The Science of Culture" (1949), Farrar, Straus
- White, L.A, "The Evolution of Culture: the Development of Civilization to the Fall of Rome" (1959), McGraw-Hill
- Wright, H.T, "Toward an Explanation of the Origin of the State, In Origin of the State: The Anthropology of Political System", pp.49~68 (1978), Institute for the Study of Human Issues