1950년대 이승만 대통령의 ‘불교 정화’ 유시와 불교계의 정치 개입
The 'Buddhist Purification' Instructions of Syngman Rhee and the Political Intervention of the Buddhist in the 1950s
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President Syngman Rhee announced the 'Buddhist Purification' instructions a total of seven times from May 2, 1954 to Dec 8, 1955. This presidential instructions made conflict between the married Buddhist priests and the single Buddhist monks explode. Syngman Rhee regarded Buddhist temple as cultural asset or tourist attraction. And he didn't consider religious concern and the internal conflicts of Buddhist. In the process of the 'Buddhist Purification', the married Buddhist priests were determined as the 'pro-Japanese collaborators'. Syngman Rhee repeatedly emphasized that the married Buddhist priests have done pro-Japanese activities. Anti-Japanism used at the 'Buddhist Purification' Instructions was periodical feature. During that time, Syngman Rhee emphasized 'anti-Japanism' throughout the society. Anti-Japanism was applied to 'Buddhist Purification' Instructions as Syngman Rhee intended. After presidential Instructions, the Buddhist 'Purification Movement' couldn't be compromised because of the government intervention. The married Buddhist priests and the single Buddhist monks just fought for interests, and depended on the government power than compromise. Their conflicts finally led to lawsuits. In the process of the Buddhist 'Purification Movement', the Buddhists had close relationship with the government to receive help from the governmental authority. The illegal pro-government election campaign of the single Buddhist monks in the 1950s is a well-known fact. According to the documents, the married Buddhist priests were as well. The married Buddhist priests systematically supported the Liberal official candidates in the 4th National Assembly Election on May 2, 1958. Although Syngman Rhee firmly excluded the married Buddhist priests, they didn't have a choice but to support Syngman Rhee government and the Liberal Party to survive.
Abstract
President Syngman Rhee announced the 'Buddhist Purification' instructions a total of seven times from May 2, 1954 to Dec 8, 1955. This presidential instructions made conflict between the married Buddhist priests and the single Buddhist monks explode. Syngman Rhee regarded Buddhist temple as cultural asset or tourist attraction. And he didn't consider religious concern and the internal conflicts of Buddhist. In the process of the 'Buddhist Purification', the married Buddhist priests were determined as the 'pro-Japanese collaborators'. Syngman Rhee repeatedly emphasized that the married Buddhist priests have done pro-Japanese activities. Anti-Japanism used at the 'Buddhist Purification' Instructions was periodical feature. During that time, Syngman Rhee emphasized 'anti-Japanism' throughout the society. Anti-Japanism was applied to 'Buddhist Purification' Instructions as Syngman Rhee intended. After presidential Instructions, the Buddhist 'Purification Movement' couldn't be compromised because of the government intervention. The married Buddhist priests and the single Buddhist monks just fought for interests, and depended on the government power than compromise. Their conflicts finally led to lawsuits. In the process of the Buddhist 'Purification Movement', the Buddhists had close relationship with the government to receive help from the governmental authority. The illegal pro-government election campaign of the single Buddhist monks in the 1950s is a well-known fact. According to the documents, the married Buddhist priests were as well. The married Buddhist priests systematically supported the Liberal official candidates in the 4th National Assembly Election on May 2, 1958. Although Syngman Rhee firmly excluded the married Buddhist priests, they didn't have a choice but to support Syngman Rhee government and the Liberal Party to survive.
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