건강인 대상의 유전자검사에 대한 이해와 관련 국내 제도
Understanding Genetic Testing in Healthy Individuals, and Related Regulations in Korea
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초록
유전자검사는 빠르게 발전해 가고 있으며 보다 적극적으로 질병을 예측하고 예방하고자 건강인 대상의 유전자검사에 대한 사회적 요구는 점점 높아지고 있다. 그러나, 유전분야의 지식이 점점 고도화되면서 다양한 형태의 유전자검사서비스가 가지고 있는 정확한 의미를 이해하는 데는 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 종설에서는 의학적으로 활용되고 있는 유전자검사와 질병예측성 유전자검사와의 차이를 올바르게 이해하기 위한 과학적, 의학적 근거를 설명하고 이와 관련한 국내의 제도를 소개하였다. 또한, 질병예측성 유전자검사에서 고려해야 할 점과 앞으로 나가야 할 방향을 제시하고자 하였다.
Abstract
Genetic testing is rapidly advancing, and there is a growing societal demand for performing this kind of examinations among healthy individuals to actively prevent diseases. However, as knowledge in the field of genetics progresses, increasing challenges in understanding the precise meanings of various types of genetic test results have to be faced as well. In this review, we aim to explain the scientific and medical evidence necessary for understanding the differences between clinically utilized and predictive genetic testing, and to introduce the related regulations in Korea. Furthermore, we address considerations for predictive genetic testing, which is still in the trial stage in clinical application, and propose future directions.
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