제인 오스틴의 『엠마』에 묘사된 여성의 돌봄 노동과 그 보상
Woman's Care Work and Its Rewards Depicted in Emma by Jane Austen
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본 연구는 『엠마』에 등장하는 네 명의 여성인물을 중심으로 제인 오스틴이 ‘돌봄’이라는 이름으로 여성이 수행하는 감정 노동과 사랑 노동을 어떻게 그려냈는지 살펴본 것이다. 오스틴이 살던 시대에 ‘돌봄’은 명백히 눈으로 볼 수 있는 노동이 아니었다. 엄격한 성역할 분리로 인해 ‘돌봄’은 주로 사적인 공간―집안―에서 이루어졌기에, ‘집안일’이었고 ‘여성의 일’이었기 때문이다. 즉, 18세기 경제학자들은 돌봄을 좁은 의미의 노동으로 인식하지 않았다는 의미이다. 또한 당시의 여성은 가부장적 사회 이념으로 인하여 교육받을 권리에서 차별받았고, 그 차별은 여성의 직업선택의 범위를 제한하였다. 결과적으로, 여성이 할 수 있는 주된 역할은 공적 영역과 사적 영역 모두에서 정당한 인정과 보상을 받지 못한 채 누군가를 돌보는 일뿐이었다. 오스틴은 『엠마』에서 보이지 않는 감정노동과 사랑노동을 기꺼이 수행하는 여성인물들을 그려내고, 당대사회에서 인정받지 못하는 돌봄 노동에 대해 그녀만의 방식으로 보상함으로써, 돌봄이 여성의 일이 아니라 ‘인간의 보편적 의무’임을 부각시켜 여성의 인권을 옹호한다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine how Jane Austen depicts the emotional labor and love labor carried out by women under the name of care by focusing on four female characters in Emma. In Austen’s time, ‘care’ was not visible labor. Due to the strict segregation of gender roles, care primarily took place in a private space of the home, so it was women’s work. Thus, 18th-century economists did not perceive care as labor in the narrow sense. Additionally, because of the patriarchal ideology of the time, women faced discrimination in their right to education, limiting their career choices. Consequently, the primary role available to women was to take care of others, both in public and private spheres, without receiving due recognition. Austen advocates for women’s human rights by portraying the women who performed invisible emotional labor and love labor in Emma and attempting to reward them in her own way to emphasize that care is not exclusively a woman's work but a universal human duty.
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