영어 어두 약음절에서의 모음 탈락 양상: 코퍼스 연구
Aspects of English Syncope in a Word-Initial Unstressed Syllable: A Corpus Study
1
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
It is well known that a schwa in an unstressed syllable is weakened and thus commonly deleted in English. Such syncope even applies to a word-initial syllable that is prosodically strong. Sonority of adjacent consonants and lexical frequency were known to determine the deletion of a schwa. Such an argument, however, has been controversial and little is known about the relationship with other variables. The goal of this study is to investigate the factors and their relationship in schwa deletion. Results showed that sonority and lexical frequency played important roles in English syncope. However, once conditions were met, exposure frequency about the consonant sequences after syncope played the most crucial role.
Abstract
It is well known that a schwa in an unstressed syllable is weakened and thus commonly deleted in English. Such syncope even applies to a word-initial syllable that is prosodically strong. Sonority of adjacent consonants and lexical frequency were known to determine the deletion of a schwa. Such an argument, however, has been controversial and little is known about the relationship with other variables. The goal of this study is to investigate the factors and their relationship in schwa deletion. Results showed that sonority and lexical frequency played important roles in English syncope. However, once conditions were met, exposure frequency about the consonant sequences after syncope played the most crucial role.
참고문헌 (38)
- 이학식, "SPSS 24 매뉴얼" (2013), 집현재
- Faithfulness to Prosodic Heads, "Alderete, John", University of Massachusetts at Amherst, ~, pp.Rutgers Optimality Archive, Report No 94 (1995)
- Bald, Wolf-Dietrich, "Studies in the Pronunciation of English", pp.317~322 (1990), Routledge
- Beckman, Jill N., "Positional Faithfulness", Ph.D., pp.1998
- Bybee, Joan, "Phonology and Language Use" (2001), Cambridge University Press
- Byrd, Dani, "Articulatory Vowel Lengthening and Coordination at Phrasal Junctures", Phonetica, 57, pp.3~16 (2000)
- Cho, Taehong, "Articulatory and Acoustic Studies of Domain-Initial Strengthening in Korean", UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics, 97, pp.100~138 (1999)
- Clements, George N., "Papers in Laboratory Phonology I: Between the Grammar and Physics of Speech", pp.283~333 (1990), Cambridge University Press
- Crosswhite, Katherine, "Vowel Reduction in Optimality Theory" (2001), Routledge
- Dalby, Marler J., "Phonetic Structure of Fast Speech in American English", Ph.D., pp.1984
- Stuart Davis, "Ambiguous Syllabification in English: Foot Structure and the Schwa Syncope Problem", 언어과학, 25(1), pp.315~330 (2018), 한국언어과학회[DOI]
- Fokes, Joann, "The Elusive", illusive Syllable, 1993, pp.50, 102~123
- Francis, Nelson W., "Frequency Analysis of English Usage: Lexicon and Grammar" (1982), Houghton Mifflin
- Glowacka, Dorota, "Unstressed Vowel Deletion and New Consonant Clusters in English", Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics, 37, pp.71~94 (2001)
- Hooper, Joan B., "Recent Developments in Historical Phonology", pp.183~207 (1978), Mouton Publishers
- Hyman, Larry, M., "Linguistic Studies Offered to Joseph Greenberg on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday", pp.107~118 (1976), Anma Libri
- Kahn, Daniel, "Syllable-Based Generalizations in English Phonology", Ph.D., pp.1976
- Kenstowicz, Michael, "Phonology in Generative Grammar" (1994), Blackwell
- Ladefoged, Peter, "A Course in Phonetics" (2006), Wadsworth
- Laver, John, "Principles of Phonetics" (1994), Cambridge University Press
- Leech, Geoffrey, "Word Frequencies in Written and Spoken English" (2001), Pearson Education
- Lodge, Ken, "Studies in the Phonology of Colloquial English" (1984), Croon Helm
- McCarthy, John, "Extensions of Faithfulness: Rotuman Revisited" (1995), University of Massachusetts at Amherst
- Prosodic Morphology: Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction, "McCarthy, John", University of Massachusetts at Amherst, ~, pp.Rutgers Optimality Archive, Report No. 482 (1993)
- Patterson, David, "Corpora Analyses of Frequency of Schwa Deletion in Conversational American English", Phonetica, 60, pp.45~69 (2003)
- Pitt, Mark A., "Exploring the Role of Exposure Frequency in Recognizing Pronunciation Variants", Journal of Phonetics, 39, pp.304~311 (2011)
- Pitt, Mark A., "Buckeye Corpus of Conversational Speech (2nd release)" (2007), Department of Psychology, Ohio State University
- Prince, Alan, "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar" (2004), Blackwell
- 류나영, "Schwa deletion in the conversational speech of English: The role of linguistic factors", 언어연구, 30(2), pp.313~333 (2013), 언어정보연구소[DOI]
- Selkirk, Elizabeth, "The Role of Prosodic Categories in English Word Stress", Linguistic Inquiry, 11, pp.563~605 (1980)
- Selkirk, Elizabeth, "On Prosodic Structure and Its Relation to Syntactic Structure" (1980), Indiana University Linguistics Club
- Selkirk, Elizabeth, "Language Sound Structure: Studies in Phonology", pp.107~136 (1984), MIT Press
- Smith, Jennifer L., "Phonological Augmentation in Prominent Positions", Ph.D., pp.2002
- 송지은, "Variable Schwa Deletion in English: A Corpus Study", 음성음운형태론연구, 19(1), pp.33~52 (2013), 한국음운론학회[DOI]
- Yavas, Mehmet, "Applied English Phonology" (2016), John Wiley and Sons
- Zec, Draga, "Sonority Constraints on Syllable Structure", Phonology, 12, pp.85~29 (1995)
- Positional Asymmetries and Licensing, "Zoll, Cheryl", Massachusetts Institute of Technology, ~, pp.Rutgers Optimality Archive, Report No 282-0998 (1998)
- Zwicky, Arnold, "Linguistic Change and Generative Theory", pp.275~301 (1972)