A Diachronic Analysis of the Syntactic Change of to-infinitive
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Abstract
The grammatical category of to-infinitive in OE was traditionally analyzed as a PP, but recently it is proposed that to-infinitive was realized as a VP except for the case of an adjunct of purpose or goal, and the to of to-infinitive was used as complementizer-like subjunctive mood marker denoting unrealized future tense which was base- generated in M(ood) in OE. From the early ME period, the to of to-infinitive started to be reanalyzed as a pure infinitival tense marker. As a consequence of the syntactic reanalysis of to-infinitives, the to came to be used as the sentential comple- mentizer of infinitival clause denoting unrealized future tense with [-T]- feature. It means that the grammatical function of the to changed from a complementizer-like subjunctive morpheme with unrealized future tense feature into a pure future tense marker, and resultantly it was merged in T followed by vP. Syntactic changes such as the loss of verbal inflections, the demise of overt verb movement from V to T via v, the loss of V-2 and the word order change from OV to VO triggered the shift of merger position of the grammatical tense marker to of to-infinitive from M to T in late ME. The syntactic reanalysis of the to was proved by the syntactic structure like to- infinitival ECM-constructions, which began to appear robustly from the later ME period.
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