농촌지역 대기 중 PM2.5의 화학적 특성과 오염원 정량 평가
Source Apportionment and Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric PM2.5 in an Agricultural Area of Korea
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본 연구에서는 충청남도 논산시 농촌지역의 대기 중 블랙카본, 이온, 금속원소 등을 포함한 PM2.5 의 화학적 특성을 규명하고 PM2.5의 오염원을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 분석의 정도관리를 평가한 결과, 금속원소를 포함한 대부분의 미량성분의 분석값은 상대오차와 상대표준편차가 10% 미만이었다. 농촌지역의 PM2.5의 평균 농도(20.1±10.1μg/m3)는 2018년에 강화된 연평균 기준을 초과하는 수준이었다. PM2.5와 탄소 및 이온성분은 서로 유의한 상관성을 보였고, 미량성분의 농도는 10-3~104ng/m3 범위인것으로 나타났다. 양의 인자 분석법(PMF, Positive Matrix Factorization)을 이용하여 오염원을 평가한결과, 농촌지역의 PM2.5의 오염원은 secondary aerosol(34.4%), soil/road dust(20.1%), biomass burning(16.9%), incineration/fuel combustion(13.2%), vehicle exhaust(12.2%), sea-salt(3.17%) 이었다. 도시지역과 달리 농촌지역은 연소와 관련된 오염원이 중요하였고 따라서, 농촌지역의 관리 대상 오염원으로서 불법소각은 세심한 대책을 필요로 한다.
Abstract
In this study, chemical characteristics of PM2.5 samples collected in an agricultural area in Nonsan of Korea were investigated focusing on of black carbon, 3 inorganic ions and 22 trace elements. It was found that the relative error and relative standard deviation of many trace elements fell below 10%, which indicates good analytical accuracy and precision. The mean values of PM2.5 in an agricultural area were exceeded by new Korean air quality standard of March 2018. The concentration of PM2.5 was well correlated with those of black carbon and ions. The concentrations of trace elements were in a wide range of seven orders of a magnitude. Based on these PM2.5 data sets, a total of 6 sources were identified using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization; secondary aerosol (34.4%), soil/road dust (20.1%), biomass burning (16.9%), incineration/fuel combustion (13.2%), vehicle exhaust (12.2%), seasalt (3.17%). Results of our study indicate that it is very important to control illegal burning activities in agricultural area.
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