육상풍력 및 육상태양광의 환경적 가용입지 분석
Environmentally Available Potential of Renewable Energy in Korea: Onshore Wind and Photovoltaic
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본연구는 재생에너지 중 육상풍력발전사업 및 육상태양광발전사업의 환경현황 및 환경적 가용입지를 분석하여 신재생에너지 보급이 자연환경의 보존과 상호 공존할 수 있는 추진 방향성을 제시하였다. 2019 년 6월까지 협의가 이루어진 환경평가 자료를 바탕으로 신재생에너지 중 가장 활발하게 보급되고 있는 육상풍력 및 육상태양광에 대한 규모, 위치 및 특성을 분석하였다. 재생에너지사업 입지와 관련된 주요 제약사항 및 환경평가 단계에서 요구되는 고려사항들을 도출하고 지역별 가용 면적 분포를 분석하고 이에 근거하여 잠재용량을 추정하였다. 환경영향평가 대상 육상풍력발전사업 총 80건을 분석한 결과, 80개 중 63개(79%) 사업이 산지에 입지하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 환경평가가 이루어진 육상태양광발전사업은 총 7,363건에 이르고 있다. 환경적 규제요소를 모두 고려한 육상풍력에 대한 환경적 가용 면적은 2,440km2 이며, 육상태양광의 경우 비우량농지 등을 대상으로 산정된 환경적 가용 입지면적은 2,877km2 로 산출되었다. 이러한 환경적 가용입지의 지역적 분포 및 특성은 해당 지자체가 지역에서 재생에너지개발사업을 추진하는 데 있어 가장 기본적으로 파악하고 있어야 하는 현황 자료가 될 수 있다. 현재까지 계획된 발전사업의 규모 및 향후 예상되는 증가와 환경평가를 통해 나타나는 환경가치 보전 및사회·경제적 수용성을 고려한다고 하더라도 현시점에서 재생에너지 발전사업을 위한 가용한 입지용량이부족하지는 않을 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 도출되는 에너지원별 환경적 가용입지 자료와 같은 정량적이고 과학적인 결과를 토대로 지역별 자연환경 및 입지여건 등의 특성을 고려하여 재생에너지원별 보급 목표량(비율 및 잠재량)의 적정성을 검토할 필요가 있다. 태양광 및 풍력의 경우 해당 지역의 지형적, 환경적특성을 고려하여 가장 잘 맞는 유형의 에너지원을 선택하는 것이 필요하다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide valuable information and data by analyzing the environmental status and potential forrenewable energy projects (or plans) based on environmental assessment (EA) data, so that more objective and scientific environmental assessments can be conducted. The study also suggests regional directions that could satisfy the goals of nature conservation and renewable energy. Based on the analysis of EA data that was conducted up until June 2019, the study analyzed the size, location and characteristics of both onshore wind power and onshore photovoltaic. The environmentally available potential by region was also derived by considering the main constraints and requirements related to the potential siting ofrenewable energy projects at the EA. Based on EA data, 63 out of 80 (79%) onshore wind power projects are shown to be located in mountainous areas. For onshore photovoltaic projects, a total of 7,363 projects were subjected to environmental assessment over the country. The environmentally potential area for onshore wind power, considering all the environmental regulatory factors, is 2,440 km2. For onshore photovoltaic, the environmentally available area estimated as idle farmland is 2,877 km2. The distribution and characteristics of the environmentally available potential of the region may be the most important factor that local governments should bear in mind in terms of promoting renewable energy development projects in the region. Based on the results of this study, even if we consider the national energy plan including the expected future increase, as well as environmental goals and socio-economic acceptance through an environmental assessment, the available resources forrenewable energy projects are not insufficient. It is possible to examine the adequacy of the target distribution rate of renewable energy sources by region taking into consideration the quantitative and scientific results such as the environmentally available potential data derived from this study.
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