Sexual Colonialism in Korea/Japan/America Spheres in Nora Okja Keller's Comfort Woman and Fox Girl
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Abstract
Nora Okja Keller's Comfort Woman (1997) and Fox Girl (2002) represent sexual colonialism in the transnational period from colonial to postcolonial eras. The crucially and brutally crossed experiences of Korea, Japan, and America in World War II and the Korean War are reconstructed upon Keller's awareness of and research on the ideological background and ultimately in her intriguing narrative and mythological implication in order to discover, recover, and reveal the long-neglected and long-lost selves of women and children in sexual, physical, and psychological aubse and imprisonment.Both in Comfort Woman and Fox Girl, women's voice is silenced under the dual male-centered ideology; the outside force such as Japanese imperialism/militarism and American militarism/economics, and the inside force of Korean patriarchy. Against ideology which determined and ultimately victimizes and silences women, Keller retrieves women's stories of comfort women and kijicho'on (camptown) prostitues in her unique employment of mythology, especially Sharmanism and Korean folk tales and legends. Keller's employment of Sharmanism and Korean legends leads to the empowerment or survival power that women can undergo in the supernatural and transcendental space. The reconstruction of women's stories in the daughter's language embodies the emacipation from physical and psychological imprisonment with which women have to ve confronted. Keller as a writer constructs "a cultural autobiography" by presenting the mother tongue in the daughter's language and creating a transpersonal biography of women's lives in the transcendental time scheme and space.
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