전라남도 도서지역 귀화식물의 도서생물지리학적 특성
Island-Biogeographical Characteristics of Naturalized Plant in Jeollanamdo Islands
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본 연구는 전라남도 도서지역 귀화식물의 분포 현황을 도서생물지리학적 관점에서 분석하였다. 유인도 47곳, 무인도 194곳의 식물상 자료를 분석한 결과 귀화식물은 30과 134종이 분포한다. 분포역이 가장 넓은 종은 소리쟁이(Rumex crispus)로 모두 141곳의 도서에 분포한다. 도서별 평균 귀화식물 종수는유인도 20.6종(±14.22), 무인도 3.7종(±3.89)이다. 도서별로는 여수시 금오도가 59종으로 가장 많다. 자생식물 대비 귀화식물의 비율인 귀화율은 유인도서 7.66%(±3.96), 무인도서 4.97%(±3.70)이다. 지역별로는 전라남도 서해 도서지역 귀화율이 5.92%(±4.49)로 남해 도서지역 4.96%(±2.15)보다 높다. 특히유인도서 내 귀화율은 서해 도서지역 8.39%(±4.37), 남해 도서지역 5.80%(±1.41)로 그 차이가 더 크다. 도서지역 귀화식물 귀화율은 섬의 크기와 유의한 양의 관계(r=0.412, p<0.01)를 갖지만, 육지로부터의 거리, 해발고도와의 상관성은 유의하지 않다. 법정 생태계 교란종은 8종이 분포하며 종에 따라 분포역에 차이가 있다. 이와 같은 도서 및 지역 간 차이는 물리적 환경 차이와 함께 육지와의 왕래 정도, 경작에 따른토지 간섭 등 자연 및 인문 환경요인이 복합적으로 반영된 결과로 보인다. 도서지역은 서식지가 제한적이기 때문에 외부로부터 유입되는 종이나 각종 환경 변화에 취약할 수밖에 없다. 따라서 도서지역 외래종에대한 지속적인 모니터링과 관리가 필요하다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the status of the naturalized plants in islands in Jeollanamdo from an island biogeographic perspective. As a result of a floristic analysis at 47 inhabited islands and 194 uninhabited islands, 30 families and 134 species naturalized plants are reported. The most commonly occurring naturalized plant from 141 islands was Rumex crispus. The average number of naturalized plants by islands is 20.6 species (±14.22) at the inhabited islands and 3.7 species (±3.89) at the uninhabited islands. Presence of fifty nine naturalized species at Geumodo in Yeosu-si is the largest in number. The naturalization ratio, which is the ratio of naturalized plants to native plants, is 7.66% (±3.96) in the inhabitable islands and 4.97% (±3.70) in the uninhabitable islands. The naturalization ratio among islands of the West Sea in Jeollanam-do is 5.92% (±4.49), and it is higher than 4.96% (±2.15) in islands in the South Sea. Especially, the naturalization ratio at the inhabitable islands, i.e., 8.39% (±4.37) at the islands of the West Sea is higher than 5.80% (±1.41) at islands in the South Sea. The naturalization ratio of naturalized plants at the islands shows positive correlation with the size of the island (r=0.412, p<0.01), but the correlations with distance from the mainland and altitude above sea level are not significant. Eight ecosystem disturbing species designated by law are reported, and each species shows distinct distributional ranges. The regional differences in the number of naturalized plant species seem to be a result of the complex reflection of natural and human environmental factors, such as the degree of traffic between mainland and islands, degree of cultivation activities, along with the physical environmental differences. Since islands have limited habitats and resources, islands could be more vulnerable to the incoming species from outside, and environmental changes than mainland. Therefore, continuous monitoring and management against the naturalized plants in islands are needed.
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