한강 주요지천의 지역적 및 계절적 수질변화
Spatial and Seasonal Water Quality Variations of Han River Tributries
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초록
지표수의 수질은 음용수, 공업용수, 농업용수 등과 같이 다양한 용도로 이용하기 위해서 아주 중요하다. 다양한 수질변수들에 대한 정기적인 수질조사가 실시되고 있으며 정확하고 효과적인 분석 및 해석이 수반되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 다변량 분석방법을 이용하여 지역적 및 계절적 수질변화를 평가하는데 있다. 2012년부터 2016까지 5년간 12개 조사지점에 대하여 유량(flow)과 수질항목(water temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP 및 TOC)을 조사 분석하였다. 계절적 수질변화에서는 봄과 겨울의 BOD, TN, TP 및 TOC 평균농도가 여름 및 가을에 비하여 높게 조사되었다. 유량 및 SS 의 평균농도가 다른 계절에 비하여 여름이 높았다. 상관분석에서 EC는 BOD(r=0.857), COD(r=0.854), TN(r=0.899) 및 TOC(r=0.910) 와 높은 상관성을 나타냈다. 주성분분석에서 요인 1은 TP, DO 및 pH을포함하며 32.0%, 요인 2는 EC 및 TN을 포함하며 26.0%, 요인 3은 SS을 포함하며 18.0%의 기여율을 보였고, 요인 4는 유량을 포함하며 12.0%, 요인 5는 수온을 포함하며 10.0%를 보였다. 5개의 요인은 전체수질변동 특성의 98.0%를 설명할 수 있었다. 안양천, 왕숙천, 중량천 및 탄천은 유기오염물질의 영향을받는 것으로 조사되었다. 군집분석에서 조사지점에 대한 계절적 차이를 도출하였으며, 또한 군집분석 결과는 주성분분석 결과 해석을 더 잘 설명하게 되었다.
Abstract
The quality of surface water is a very important issue to use various demands like as drinking water, industrial, agricultural and recreational usages. There has been an increasing demand for monitoring water quality of many rivers by regular measurements of various water quality variables. However precise and effective monitoring is not enough, if the acquired dataset is not analyzed thoroughly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate differences of seasonal and regional water quality using multivariate data analysis for each investing tributaries in Han River. Statistical analysis was applied to the data concerning 11 mainly parameters (flow, water temperature, pH, EC, DO, BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP and TOC) for the time period 2012∼2016 from 12 sampling sites. The seasonal water quality variations showed that each of BOD, TN, TP and TOC average concentration in spring and winter was higher than that of summer and fall, respectively. In summer each flow rate and average concentration of SS was higher than any other seasons, respectively. The correlation analysis were explained that EC had a strong relationship with BOD (r=0.857), COD (r=0.854), TN (r=0.899) and TOC (r=0.910). According to principal component analysis, five principal components (Eigenvalue > 1) are controlled 98.0% of variations in water quality. The first component included TP, DO, pH. The second component included EC, TN. The third component included SS. The fourth component included flow. The last component included Temp. Cluster analysis classified that spring is similar to fall and winter with water quality parameters. AnyA, WangsA, JungrA and TancA were identified as affected by organic pollution. Cluster analysis derived seasonal differences with investigating sites and better explained the principal component analysis results.
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