중국 해외 유학생의 모국 귀환과 귀국 영향요인 분석

Abstract

As of December 2018, there are 5.85 million students studying abroad in China, making China the world's largest overseas student exporter. At the same time, since 2000, the scale of Chinese students returning to China has increased year by year, which has set off a wave of returning(归国潮). By the end of December 2018, the total number of Chinese students returning to China from all over the world has reached 3.65 million, with a return rate of 84.46%. Now China is not only the world's largest overseas student exporter but also the largest returnee of overseas talents. Overseas returnees(海归), as the driving force of China's economic development, have attracted attention from all sides. They have also improved China's overall academic and research level and led various kinds of innovation and entrepreneurship. In this context, this paper aims to explore the status quo of the return of Chinese students in detail, and analyze the reasons for the “return boom”. The results show that China is experiencing the third wave of “return boom”, which shows the following characteristics. The proportion of women is increasing. There is a trend of returning to China for overseas talents of all ages. First tier cities and new first tier cities are the main target cities. At the same time, as a new force in the entrepreneurial market, overseas returnees guide the advanced entrepreneurial culture and are more likely to be employed. In addition, changes of the international environment, the Chinese government's “one hundred people plan”, “one thousand people plan” and other incentive policies, the growth of China's domestic economy and the expansion of the employment market, the difficulty of overseas students to adapt to foreign culture and the urgent need to return to the mainstream society have promoted the return to home country of large-scale model students.