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시화산업단지 도로축적퇴적물의 입도분포 및 중금속 오염영향 평가

Assessment of Particle Size Distribution and Pollution Impact of Heavy metals in Road-deposited Sediments (RDS) from Shihwa Industrial Complex

최진영|정혜령|나공태|이지현
한국환경영향평가학회 (Korean Society Of Environmental Impact Assessment)|2020.02|환경영향평가 (Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment)|제29권 제1호|pp. 8-25

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참고문헌

키워드

입도분포중금속heavy metalsnon-point source pollution비점오염grain-size distribution도로축적퇴적물시화산업단지road-deposited sediments (RDS)
주제분류환경공학

초록

산업화는 도로축적퇴적물(road-deposited sediment, RDS)의 발생과 중금속 오염을 증가시켰고, 이는 비점오염을 통해 주변 수환경에 심각한 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. RDS의 오염과 입자 크기와의 관계는 오 염관리를 위해 중요하나, 이에 대한 정보는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 시화호 및 주변 하천의 주요한 비점오염원으로 판단되는 시화산업단지 내 25개 정점에서 수거된 RDS 시료의 입도에 따른 중금속 분포특 성과 환경영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 농집지수(Igeo)는 RDS가 주로 Zn, Cu, Pb, Sb에 의해 오염되었 음을 보여주었고, 이들의 농도범위는 Zn, Cu, Pb, Sb이 각각 633-3605, 130-1483, 120-1997, 5.5-50 mg/kg이었다. 이는 국내외 다른 도시에 비해 매우 높은 수준이었다. 대부분의 중금속은 농도와 입도와의 높은 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 250 μm 이하의 분율은 전체에 대한 질량 부하와, 오염 기여율이 각각 평균 78.6, 70.4%로 매우 지배적이었다. 강우 유출을 통해 인근 하천으로 유입될 확률이 높을 것으로 간주되는 125 μm 이하의 입자 분율에 대한 오염평가 결과, 이는 저서생물에 독성을 나타낼 수 있는 매우 오염된 수 준이었다. 입자 크기별로 나누어 RDS의 금속원소에 대한 주성분 및 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 250 μm 보 다 큰 RDS는 주변의 산업시설이, 250 μm 보다 작은 RDS는 차량운행이 중금속오염의 주요 요인일 것으 로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 시화산업단지 내 RDS의 중금속오염 및 인근 수역으로의 비점오염의 효율적인 저감을 위해서는 125에서 250 μm 이하의 미세한 RDS 입자의 제어가 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

Industrialization has increased the production of road-deposited sediments (RDS) and the level of heavy metals in those RDS, which can have a significant impact on the surrounding aquatic environments through non-point pollution. Although the relationship between contamination characteristics and particle size of RDS is important for pollution control, there is very little information on this. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of grain size distribution and heavy metal concentrations in the road-deposited sediments (RDS) collected from 25 stations in Shihwa Industrial Complex. The environmental impact of RDS with particle size is also studied. Igeo, the contamination assessment index of each metal concentration, represents the RDS from Shihwa Industrial Complex are very highly polluted with Cu, Zn, Pb and Sb, and the levels of those metals were 633~3605, 130~1483, 120~1997, 5.5~50 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in RDS increased with the decrease in particle size. The particle size fraction below 250 μm was very dominant with mass and contamination loads, 78.6 and 70.4%, respectively. Particles less than 125 μm of RDS were highly contaminated and toxic to benthic organisms in rivers. RDS particles larger than 250 μm and smaller than 250 μm were contaminated by the surrounding industrial facility and vehicle activities, respectively. As a result of this study, the clean-up of fine particles of RDS, smaller than 125-250 μm, is very important for the control and reduction of nonpoint pollution to nearby water in Shihwa Industrial Complex.

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