거리의 공동체: 호레이쇼 앨저의 『래기드 딕』에 나타난 사기적 자본주의와 공동체적 비전
A Community on the Street: Fraudulent Capitalism and Communal Vision in Horatio Alger Jr.’s Ragged Dick
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper reads Horatio Alger’s Ragged Dick as a tale of community. The mid-nineteenth-century America was plagued by emerging multitudes of confidence men, who prowled the city streets to allure and ruin innocent young men from the country. Far from a marginal figure, however, the confidence man constituted the occluded kernel of plundering capitalism. My first claim is that Ragged Dick aims to recover the centrality of confidence in the moral desert of urban capitalism. My second, and much more important, claim is that Alger presents a sentimental vision of city community, which guarantees secure shelter, emotional stability, and sympathetic altruism, off the trouble of “looking sharp” to survive in the cut-throat capitalist society, although Alger’s community is neither against capitalist protocols nor infinitely inclusive and expansive. In that community, all members are bound less by immanent homogeneity and restrictive collectivity than by the reciprocal obligation to care and the flexible openness to alterity on the anonymous street of New York, even as each strives hard to climb up the precarious social ladder of American capitalism.
Abstract
This paper reads Horatio Alger’s Ragged Dick as a tale of community. The mid-nineteenth-century America was plagued by emerging multitudes of confidence men, who prowled the city streets to allure and ruin innocent young men from the country. Far from a marginal figure, however, the confidence man constituted the occluded kernel of plundering capitalism. My first claim is that Ragged Dick aims to recover the centrality of confidence in the moral desert of urban capitalism. My second, and much more important, claim is that Alger presents a sentimental vision of city community, which guarantees secure shelter, emotional stability, and sympathetic altruism, off the trouble of “looking sharp” to survive in the cut-throat capitalist society, although Alger’s community is neither against capitalist protocols nor infinitely inclusive and expansive. In that community, all members are bound less by immanent homogeneity and restrictive collectivity than by the reciprocal obligation to care and the flexible openness to alterity on the anonymous street of New York, even as each strives hard to climb up the precarious social ladder of American capitalism.
참고문헌 (31)
- 김미현, "｢서기 바틀비｣—공감의 규율성과 책임의 공포", 미국학 논집, 45(2), pp.5~28 (2013), 한국아메리카학회
- 양석원, "계급과 계급 사이: 『제철공장에서의 삶』에 나타난 노동과 종교와 예술", 근대영미소설, 9(1) (2002), 한국근대영미소설학회
- Alger, Horatio, Jr, "Ragged Dick: or, Street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks" (2008), Norton
- Beauchamp, Gorman, "Ragged Dick and the Fate of Respectability", Michigan Quarterly Review, 31, pp.324~345 (1992)
- Bowerman, Richard, "Horatio Alger, Jr.: or Adrift in the Myth of Rags to Riches", The Journal of American Culture, 2(1), pp.83~112 (1979)
- Brace, Charles Loring, "The Dangerous Classes of New York" (1872), Wynkoop & Hallenbeck
- Cawelti, John, "Apostles of the Self-Made Man" (1965), U of Chicago P
- Claviez, Thomas, "The Common Growl : Toward a Poetics Precarious Community" (2016), Fordham UP
- Esposito, Roberto, "Communitas : The Origin and Destiny of Community" (2010), Stanford UP
- Esposito, Roberto, "Community, Immunity, Biopolitics", E-Misfériac, 10(1), pp.1~10 (2013)
- Gordon, John Steel, "The Great Game : The Emergence of Wall Street as a World Power 1653-2000" (1999), Scribner
- Goettsch, Corey, "'The World Is But One Vast Mock Auction' : Fraud and Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century America", Luskey and Woloson, pp.109~126
- Halttunen, Karen, "Confidence Men and Painted Women: A Study of Middle-Class Culture in America", pp.1830~1870 (1982), Yale UP
- Hendler, Glenn, "Pandering in the Public Sphere : Masculinity and the Market in Horatio Alger", American Quarterly, 48(3), pp.415~438 (1996)
- Hoeller, Hiledgard, "Freaks and the American Dream: Horatio Alger, P. T. Barnum, and the Art of Humbug", Studies in American Fiction, 34(2), pp.189~214 (2006)
- Klein, Marcus, "Easterns, Westerns, and Private Eyes : American Matters, 1870-1900" (1994), Wisconsin UP
- Lang, Amy Schrager, "The Syntax of Class : Writing Inequality in nineteenth- Century Amerca" (2003), Princeton UP
- Leverenz, David, "Tomboys, Bad Boys, and Horatio Alger : When Fatherhood Became a Problem", American Literary History, 10(1), pp.219~236 (1998)
- Luskey, Brian P, "Captialism by Gaslight: Illuminating the Economy of Nineteenth-Century America" (2015), U of Pennsylavania P
- Luskey, Brian P, "Introduction", Luskey and Woloson, 1~9
- McDougall, Walter A, "Freedom Just Around the Coner : A New American History : 1585-1828" (2009), HarperCollins
- Meyer, Michael, "Introduction. Ragged Dick: or, street Life in New York with the Boot Blacks", pp.4~14 (2005), Signet
- Mihm, Stephen, "A Nation of Counterfeiters : Capitalists, Con Men, and the Making of the United States" (2009), Harvard UP
- Moon, Michael, "'The Gentle Boy from the Dangerous Classes' : Pederasty, Domesticity, and Capitalism in Horatio Alger", Representations, 19, pp.87~110 (1987)
- Nackenoff, Carol, "Of Factories and Failures : Exploring the Invisible Factory Gates of Horatio Alger, Jr", Journal of Popular Culture, 25(4), pp.63~80 (1992)
- Robbins. Bruce, "Upward Mobility and the Common Good : Toward a Literary History of the Welfare State" (2009), Princeton UP
- Scharnhorst, Gary, "Demythologizing Alger", pp.182~198 (2008), Norton
- Trachtenberg, Alan, "The Incorporation of America : Culture and Society in the Gilded Age" (1982), Hill and Wang
- Trachtenberg, Alan, "Lincoln's Smile and Other Enigmas" (2007), Hill and Wang
- Weiss, Richard, "The American Myth of Success : From Horatio Alger to Norman Vincent Peale" (1969), Basic Books
- Zuckerman, Michael, "The Nursery Tales of Horatio Alger", American Quarterly, 24(2), pp.191~209 (1972)