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대항 린칭 서사 읽기: 리처드 라이트의 『토박이』

Reading Counter-Lynching Narrative: Richard Wright’s Native Son

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This essay reads Richard Wright’s Native Son as counter-lynching narrative in which he reasserts black manhood and represents the symbolic interracial working-class male bond by relegating black and white women to conduits of exchange between men, black and white. Reflective of the destruction of interracial working-class solidarity in the early twentieth-century United States, Native Son investigates the ways in which lynching narrative stigmatizes black male sexuality and offers its counter-lynching discourse. This essay addresses how the novel portrays black man as the universalized feature of racial oppression. By analyzing the protagonist Bigger‘s relationship with the white communist Jan, I contend that it is white and black women that function as the exchange objects over which white and black men can form a homosocial bond. This essay also explores misogyny and homophobia embedded in Wright’s portrayal of black manhood. Native Son renders the injurious effects of racism on black men as their feminization and homosexualization. My essay concludes that Wright’s text reinscribes masculine heteronormativity and marginalizes female and queer subjects.

Abstract

This essay reads Richard Wright’s Native Son as counter-lynching narrative in which he reasserts black manhood and represents the symbolic interracial working-class male bond by relegating black and white women to conduits of exchange between men, black and white. Reflective of the destruction of interracial working-class solidarity in the early twentieth-century United States, Native Son investigates the ways in which lynching narrative stigmatizes black male sexuality and offers its counter-lynching discourse. This essay addresses how the novel portrays black man as the universalized feature of racial oppression. By analyzing the protagonist Bigger‘s relationship with the white communist Jan, I contend that it is white and black women that function as the exchange objects over which white and black men can form a homosocial bond. This essay also explores misogyny and homophobia embedded in Wright’s portrayal of black manhood. Native Son renders the injurious effects of racism on black men as their feminization and homosexualization. My essay concludes that Wright’s text reinscribes masculine heteronormativity and marginalizes female and queer subjects.

참고문헌 (15)

  1. Duggan, Lisa, "Sapphic Slashers: Sex, Violence, and American Modernity" (2000), Duke UP
  2. Edelman, Lee, "Homographies : Essays in Gay Literary and Cultural Theory" (1994), Routledge
  3. Goldsby, Jacqueline, "A Spectacular Secret: Lynching in American Life and Literature" (2006), U of Chicago P
  4. Gunning, Sandra, "Race, Rape, and Lynching: The Red Record of American Literature, 1890-1912" (1996), Oxford UP
  5. Guttman, Sondra, "What Bigger Killed For: Rereading Violence Against Women in Native Son", Texas Studies in Literature and Language, 43(2), pp.169~193 (2001)
  6. Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, "Revolt Against Chivalry: Jessie Daniel Ames and the Women’s Campaign Against Lynching" (1993), Columbia UP
  7. Hall, Jacquelyn Dowd, "Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality" (1983), Monthly Review Press
  8. Kim, Daniel Y, "Writing Manhood in Black and Yellow: Ralph Ellison, Frank Chin and the Literary Politics of Identity" (2005), Stanford UP
  9. Moran, Rachel F., "Interracial Intimacy: The Regulation of Race and Romance" (2001), U of Chicago P
  10. Painter, Nell Irvin, "The Evolution of Southern Culture" (1988), U of Georgia P
  11. Reed, Anthony, "‘Another Map of the South Side’: Native Son as Postcolonial Novel", African American Review, 45(4), pp.603~615 (2012)
  12. Saint-Aubin, Arthur Flannigan, "Testeria: The Dis-ease of Black Men in White Supremacist, Patriarchal Culture", Callaloo, 17(4), pp.1054~1073 (1994)
  13. Wiegman, Robyn, "American Anatomies: Theorizing Race and Gender" (1995), Duke UP
  14. Wright, Richard, "Native Son" (1940), Harper Perennial
  15. Wright, Richard, "Native Son. 1940" (1993), Harper Perennial

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