Screening of Plant-Derived Natural Extracts to Identify a Candidate Extract Capable of Enhancing Lipid Synthesis in Keratinocytes
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Background: Reduced lipid content in the stratum corneum is a major cause of skin-barrierdysfunction in various pathological conditions. Promoting lipid production is a potentialstrategy to improve skin-barrier function. Recent evidence supports the beneficial effects ofadiponectin on lipid metabolism and senescence in keratinocytes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether plant extracts can enhance skin-barrierfunction. Methods: We screened fruit and herb extracts that enhance the lipid synthesis of keratinocytesvia AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and SIRT1 signaling in theadiponectin pathway. The levels of major lipid synthesis enzymes and transcription factorsas well as epidermal barrier lipids involved in adiponectin-associated epidermal barrierformation were evaluated in the herbal extracts- or adiponectin-treated human epidermalkeratinocyte and equivalent models. The mRNA expression of major lipid synthesisenzymes increased following treatment with Lycii Fructus , Prunus tomentosa , and Meliatoosendan extracts. Results: The expression of transcription factors SIRT1, liver X receptor α, peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs) were upregulated. Levels of free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides wereelevated. The expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers increased. In particular,among fruit extracts with a detectable effect, Melia toosendan induced the highest expressionof lipid synthase. Conclusion: These results indicate that Melia toosendan is a promising candidate for improvingskin-barrier function.
Abstract
Background: Reduced lipid content in the stratum corneum is a major cause of skin-barrierdysfunction in various pathological conditions. Promoting lipid production is a potentialstrategy to improve skin-barrier function. Recent evidence supports the beneficial effects ofadiponectin on lipid metabolism and senescence in keratinocytes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether plant extracts can enhance skin-barrierfunction. Methods: We screened fruit and herb extracts that enhance the lipid synthesis of keratinocytesvia AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and SIRT1 signaling in theadiponectin pathway. The levels of major lipid synthesis enzymes and transcription factorsas well as epidermal barrier lipids involved in adiponectin-associated epidermal barrierformation were evaluated in the herbal extracts- or adiponectin-treated human epidermalkeratinocyte and equivalent models. The mRNA expression of major lipid synthesisenzymes increased following treatment with Lycii Fructus , Prunus tomentosa , and Meliatoosendan extracts. Results: The expression of transcription factors SIRT1, liver X receptor α, peroxisomeproliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins(SREBPs) were upregulated. Levels of free fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramides wereelevated. The expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers increased. In particular,among fruit extracts with a detectable effect, Melia toosendan induced the highest expressionof lipid synthase. Conclusion: These results indicate that Melia toosendan is a promising candidate for improvingskin-barrier function.
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