초등학교 5학년 아동의 아침결식과 관련된 요인과 영양소섭취
Breakfast Skipping, Related Factors, and Nutrients Intake of 5th Grade Students
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연구배경: 아동의 아침식사는 식품과 영양소의 섭취뿐만 아니라 비만도, 만성질환, 나아가서는 학업성적과 인지기능에까지 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 소아비만 및 대사질환 코호트연구에 참여하는 초등학교 5학년 아동을 대상으로 아침결식과 관련된 요인을 파악하고 아침결식이 식품과 영양소섭취에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 신장과 체중을 측정하여 체질량지수 백분위수를 산출하여, 비만도를 평가하였다. 아침공복혈로 혈중 지질과 공복혈당을 측정하고, 사회경계적 요인과 신체활동도는 설문지를사용하였다. 지난 일주일간 아침식사 횟수를 물어 한번이라도 결식이 있었던 아동을 ‘아침결식군’, 일주일간 매일 아침식사를 한 아동을 ‘아침섭취군’으로 분류하였다. 주중 이틀과 주말 하루를 포함한 3일간의 24시간 회상법으로 영양소 섭취를평가하고 설문지로 평상시 식습관을 조사하였다. 결과: 아침결식 아동군은 섭취아동군보다 비만도가 높고(P=0.011), 가계소득이 낮으며(P=0.037), 늦게 잠자리에 들고(P=0.001) 스크린타임(P=0.003)이 길었다. 아침결식군에서는모든 거대영양소의 섭취가 섭취군보다 낮았으며, 철분, 아연,비타민 B1, 비타민 B2, 비타민 B6, 비타민 C, 나이아신과 엽산을 부족하게 섭취하는 아동의 비율이 높았다. 결론: 아침결식은 사회경제수준이 낮은 아동에서 많이 발생하며 스크린타임과 관련되어 있다. 아침결식은 아동의 영양결핍의 위험요인으로 확인되었으며, 섭취하는 식품의 질과도관련되어 있다.
Abstract
Background: Breakfast consumption is related not only with foods and nutrients intake, but also obesity, chronic diseases,school performance, and cognitive function. This study is to assess factors associated with breakfast skipping and its effects on food and nutrients intake in 5th grade children from the obesity and metabolic disorders cohort. Methods: BMI percentile was used as an obesity index. Overnight fasting blood was collected to measure blood lipids, and glucose level. Dietary habits and physical activity levels were assessed with a self-filled questionnaire. If a student said "yes" to the question, "Have you taken all breakfast during previous seven days?," he or she was considered as 'breakfast consumer,' if a respondent said "no," he or she was considered as 'breakfast skipper.' Nutrients intake was estimated from a three-day 24-hour recall including two weekdays and one weekend. Results: Among 1,536 students, 30.1% (n = 235) of boys and 31.3% (n = 231) of girls were the breakfast skipper. The breakfast skippers were more obese (P = 0.011), from families with lower household income (P = 0.037), went to bed late (P = 0.001), had a longer screen time (P = 0.003) than breakfast consumers. All macronutrients intake and the adequacy of micronutrients (iron, zinc, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, niacin, and folate) intake were lower in breakfast skipper. Conclusion: The breakfast skipping was associated with a lower socioeconomic state and a longer screen time. We confirmed breakfast skipping is a risk factor of nutrients deficiency (quantity) and is also related with food intake quality.
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