Comparison of Metabolic Characteristics of Metabolically Healthy but Obese (MHO) Middle-Aged Men According to Different Criteria
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Background: To compare the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of metabolically healthy but obese (MHO)individuals according to different criteria. Methods: We examined 186 MHO middle-aged men (age, 37.2 years; body mass index [BMI], 27.2 kg/m2). The following methods were used to determine MHO: the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, 0–2 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the Wildman criteria, 0–1 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the Karelis criteria,0–1 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] criteria (lowest quartile of HOMA). After dividing the overall subjects into two age groups, we compared the prevalence and clinical characteristics between MHO and at-risk groups according to four different criteria. Results: The prevalence of MHO using the NCEP, Wildman, Kaleris, and HOMA criteria were 70.4%, 59.7%, 28.5%, and 24.2%, respectively. The agreement between the groups according to the NCEP and Wildman criteria was substantial (kappa = 0.8, P < 0.001). Among individuals 35 years or younger, and regardless of method, the MHO subjects had significantly lower weight, waist circumference, BMI, body fat percentage, insulin, HOMA, alanine aminotransferase,triglyceride (TG), and TG/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio than the at-risk subjects (P < 0.05); However,among individuals older than 35 years old, and regardless of method, the MHO subjects had different insulin, HOMA,HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C levels than the at-risk subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The differences in metabolic profile between MHO and at-risk groups varied according to age. MHO prevalence varies considerably according to the criteria employed. Expert consensus is needed in order to define a standardized protocol for determining MHO.
Abstract
Background: To compare the prevalence and metabolic characteristics of metabolically healthy but obese (MHO)individuals according to different criteria. Methods: We examined 186 MHO middle-aged men (age, 37.2 years; body mass index [BMI], 27.2 kg/m2). The following methods were used to determine MHO: the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, 0–2 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the Wildman criteria, 0–1 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the Karelis criteria,0–1 cardiometabolic abnormalities; the homeostasis model assessment [HOMA] criteria (lowest quartile of HOMA). After dividing the overall subjects into two age groups, we compared the prevalence and clinical characteristics between MHO and at-risk groups according to four different criteria. Results: The prevalence of MHO using the NCEP, Wildman, Kaleris, and HOMA criteria were 70.4%, 59.7%, 28.5%, and 24.2%, respectively. The agreement between the groups according to the NCEP and Wildman criteria was substantial (kappa = 0.8, P < 0.001). Among individuals 35 years or younger, and regardless of method, the MHO subjects had significantly lower weight, waist circumference, BMI, body fat percentage, insulin, HOMA, alanine aminotransferase,triglyceride (TG), and TG/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio than the at-risk subjects (P < 0.05); However,among individuals older than 35 years old, and regardless of method, the MHO subjects had different insulin, HOMA,HDL-C, and TG/HDL-C levels than the at-risk subjects (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The differences in metabolic profile between MHO and at-risk groups varied according to age. MHO prevalence varies considerably according to the criteria employed. Expert consensus is needed in order to define a standardized protocol for determining MHO.
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