Association between Sarcopenia and Dipstick Proteinuria in the Elderly Population: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2009–2011
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Background: Sarcopenia and proteinuria are significant health difficulties in the elderly; however, few studies haveinvestigated their relationship. In this study, we investigated the association between sarcopenia and proteinuria inKorean subjects over 60 years old. Methods: We included data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional,nationally representative survey conducted from 2009 to 2011 (n=4,008). Sarcopenia was defined using appendicularskeletal muscle mass as a percentage of body weight. Proteinuria was defined by a urine dipstick test resultabove trace levels. Results: The overall proteinuria prevalence was 7.2%. The incidence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in subjectswith proteinuria. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in the sarcopenic group (5.5% vs. 14.5% in the non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) group; 17.2% vs. 23.2% in the CKD group) than in the non-sarcopenicgroup. Furthermore, sarcopenic participants had worse metabolic parameters, such as higher body mass indexes,waist circumferences, and fasting glucose levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels thanthose in the non-CKD group. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for proteinuriawere 2.84 (1.92–4.18) in the sarcopenic non-CKD group, 3.70 (2.59–5.30) in the non-sarcopenic CKD group,and 5.19 (2.64–10.18) in the sarcopenic CKD group, compared to the non-sarcopenic, non-CKD group. Sarcopeniaincreased the proteinuria risk in elderly participants without CKD, even after adjustment for obesity, hypertension,diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: These findings showed that sarcopenia was associated with dipstick proteinuria, especially in elderlyparticipants without CKD, regardless of comorbidities.
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia and proteinuria are significant health difficulties in the elderly; however, few studies haveinvestigated their relationship. In this study, we investigated the association between sarcopenia and proteinuria inKorean subjects over 60 years old. Methods: We included data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional,nationally representative survey conducted from 2009 to 2011 (n=4,008). Sarcopenia was defined using appendicularskeletal muscle mass as a percentage of body weight. Proteinuria was defined by a urine dipstick test resultabove trace levels. Results: The overall proteinuria prevalence was 7.2%. The incidence of sarcopenia was significantly higher in subjectswith proteinuria. The prevalence of proteinuria was significantly higher in the sarcopenic group (5.5% vs. 14.5% in the non-chronic kidney disease (CKD) group; 17.2% vs. 23.2% in the CKD group) than in the non-sarcopenicgroup. Furthermore, sarcopenic participants had worse metabolic parameters, such as higher body mass indexes,waist circumferences, and fasting glucose levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels thanthose in the non-CKD group. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for proteinuriawere 2.84 (1.92–4.18) in the sarcopenic non-CKD group, 3.70 (2.59–5.30) in the non-sarcopenic CKD group,and 5.19 (2.64–10.18) in the sarcopenic CKD group, compared to the non-sarcopenic, non-CKD group. Sarcopeniaincreased the proteinuria risk in elderly participants without CKD, even after adjustment for obesity, hypertension,diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: These findings showed that sarcopenia was associated with dipstick proteinuria, especially in elderlyparticipants without CKD, regardless of comorbidities.
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