Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes during Dengue Infection Outbreak at a Tertiary National Hospital in Endemic Area of Indonesia
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Background: Dengue infection is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Indonesia. Dengue incidence during pregnancy increases with its prevalence among women of reproductive ages. It potentially causes serious maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; however, its impact during a period of disease outbreak has not been described. We aimed to assess the outcomes of pregnancies affected by dengue infection during an outbreak in an endemic area of Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia from April 2016 to April 2017. All pregnant women with clinical symptoms of dengue infection who tested positive for dengue nonstructural protein 1-antigen or anti-dengue immunoglobulin M were included in the study. Clinical features and hematological and biochemical parameters were documented to assess their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Our study population consisted of 41 pregnant women. Most were multigravida (58.5%). Dengue infection without warning signs was observed in 31.7% of the cases, while 53.7% had dengue infection with warning signs, and 14.6% had dengue shock syndrome/severe dengue infection. Most pregnancies were in the third trimester (78%); five cases (12.2%) suffered clinical complications. Preterm delivery was observed in seven cases (17.1%). Most patients (75.6%) decided to seek medical treatment at a critical phase of dengue infection (days 3–6). Conclusion: The high incidence of associated morbidity and mortality should warrant clinicians in endemic regions to consider diagnoses of dengue infection when treating pregnant women with clinical signs and symptoms. Patients should be treated at centers with adequate resources for monitoring and emergency procedures. A more intensive study is needed in the future aiming to make a more comprehensive guideline.
Abstract
Background: Dengue infection is the most common mosquito-borne disease in Indonesia. Dengue incidence during pregnancy increases with its prevalence among women of reproductive ages. It potentially causes serious maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality; however, its impact during a period of disease outbreak has not been described. We aimed to assess the outcomes of pregnancies affected by dengue infection during an outbreak in an endemic area of Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia from April 2016 to April 2017. All pregnant women with clinical symptoms of dengue infection who tested positive for dengue nonstructural protein 1-antigen or anti-dengue immunoglobulin M were included in the study. Clinical features and hematological and biochemical parameters were documented to assess their relationship with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Our study population consisted of 41 pregnant women. Most were multigravida (58.5%). Dengue infection without warning signs was observed in 31.7% of the cases, while 53.7% had dengue infection with warning signs, and 14.6% had dengue shock syndrome/severe dengue infection. Most pregnancies were in the third trimester (78%); five cases (12.2%) suffered clinical complications. Preterm delivery was observed in seven cases (17.1%). Most patients (75.6%) decided to seek medical treatment at a critical phase of dengue infection (days 3–6). Conclusion: The high incidence of associated morbidity and mortality should warrant clinicians in endemic regions to consider diagnoses of dengue infection when treating pregnant women with clinical signs and symptoms. Patients should be treated at centers with adequate resources for monitoring and emergency procedures. A more intensive study is needed in the future aiming to make a more comprehensive guideline.
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