현대사회 성 모랄을 위한 마르쿠제 ‘에로스’ 이론의 적용
Application of Marcuse's 'Eros' to Sex Morals in Modern Society
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초록
마르쿠제는 1960년대 미국의 진보된 산업사회의 파괴적인 속성에 반발하여 좀 더 자유롭고 에로틱한 사회와 존재를 갈망했다. 그는 인류문명 발전의 원동력을 ‘에로스’ 개념으로 규정하고서 신플라톤주의의 유토피아 사회의 구현을 동경했다. 그것은 서구의 근대 이후에 이데아나 신과 대체되었던 인간의 이성이 이룩해낸 과도한 자본주의 사회의 병폐를 치유하고자 진보된 문명을 유지하는데 필요한 ‘에로스’를 상실하게 만드는 모든 근원들에 대한 ‘위대한 거부’를 선언하기에 이르렀다. 그의 ‘에로스’ 이론의 핵심은 인간의 마음이 영혼으로, 그리고 마침내 이데아의 수준으로 올라가도록 하는 것이어서 지나치게 감각적인 성행위만을 강조하는 현대사회를 비판하고 있는 것이다. 그러한 마르쿠제의 ‘에로스’ 이론은 우리의 현대사회에도 시사하는 바가 크므로 필자도 그의 견해에 공감하여 첫째, 이성과 감성의 균형을 유지하는 목적으로서 성적 교육뿐만 아니라 도덕성의 교육도 강화해야 한다는 점, 둘째, 21세기의 도래와 더불어 새로운 사회적, 정치적, 경제적, 미학적 패러다임을 구축하는 것이 절실하다는 점, 그리고 셋째, 우리의 모더니즘 사회와 포스트모더니즘 사회 사이의 판이한 이데올로기들을 중재함으로써 합에 이르려고 노력해야만 한다는 점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Marcuse has aspired after the existence of a freer, more erotic society, resisting against the destructive property of the advanced industrial American society in the 1960s. He has defined the driving force of development in man's civilization as a concept of ‘Eros’, and has yearned for realization of a Utopian society held by Neo-platonism. It followed that he has arrived at manifesting a 'Great Refusal' against all the sources deprived of 'Eros' necessary for maintaining the advanced civilization in an effort to curing of diseases in the excessive capital society established by man's reason changed by Idea or God after the modern times in western society. The core of his ‘Eros’ theory aims at ascending of man's mind to soul, and finally to the level of Idea, which thus implies a criticism of modern society emphasizing the only extremely sensuous sexualities. Marcuse's 'Eros' theory as such is also very suggestive to our modern society, and I, along with his opinion, have suggested the followings: Firstly, we have to reinforce the education of sex as well as morality as the purpose of maintaining the balance between reason and sensibility; secondly, it is urgent to set up a new social, political, economic, aesthetic paradigm adequate to the 21st century; and finally, it needs our endeavor willing to get to the synthesis by mediating different ideologies existing between our modern and postmodern societies.
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