중국불교의 형성과 도가 養生의 상관성 연구

Abstract

This paper attempts to examine, in conjunction with a social cause inside the Chinese society, formation and development of Chinese Buddhism regularized in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties of China. A formative process of Chinese Buddhism involves with several factors inside the Chinese society, which are beyond a Buddhism-centered perspective focusing on transmission and propagation of Indian Buddhism. In this respect, it is known that the role of Taoism as a buffer in the acceptance process of other spiritual/moral cultures based on India should be considered in the formative process of Chinese Buddhism. Nevertheless, discussion on social meaning of the formative process of Chinese Buddhism remains unheated as an educational analysis of original righteousness and understanding of Indian Buddhism becomes bolstered. In a developmental process of the Chinese society from Earlier and Later Han to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the denotative growth of political power is attributed to the external growth of state power through establishment of a centralized bureaucracy. And it correlates to exchange with the Central Asia and Western regions connecting to the Huns as well as Middle East, namely commercial development. However, several uprisings of the peasants started from the Yellow Turban Rebellion throughout the denotative growth of political power in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties correspond to the symbolic example representative of internal contradiction of the Chinese society. These uprisings of the peasants carry an aspect of social movements on the basis of Taepyeongdo (the first Taoist platform) relevant to Lao-tzu’s primary ideas. Furthermore, salvation of gumin (saving people) permeated in popular consciousness with formation of the intensified Taoist-order in a process of negotiation with Buddhism facilitates change of yangsaeng (caring for life) of Taoism. From this perspective, change of yangsaeng represents not only the fact that Buddhist salvation becomes expanded in the Chinese society of the time, but also a formative process of Chinese Buddhism expanded by yangsaeng. Therefore, this study on the correlation of Taoist yangsaeng and formation of Chinese Buddhism is considered as a process of understanding a role of Taoism in the formative process of Chinese Buddhism in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.