장자철학에서 정신의 존재론적 지위-존재론적 연관구조가 드러내는 어떤 질서를 중심으로

Abstract

Chang-Tzu’s ontology indicates an advisable life for humana. Chang-Tzu says that only natural beings are truly free. The concept of living happily ever after joyfully is something deeply embedded in nature. The nature of existence is an aspect of existence which is held already across the whole world. Chang-Tzu's whole world is full of Chi[氣], which the Chinese say is the basic component of the world, and the world of Chang-Tzu is composed with complex one by one connections between Chi. A single unit of Chi is the only component in the world that already has the properties of matter and the working force of matter. One unit of Chi has a one by one relationship with other neighboring units of Chi, because they are already elements placed across the whole world. One element of Chi composes the whole world, the primary aspect of existence, through an overall connection. The entire world has the presence of MooMoo[無無] and Chaos, and has the presence of power to unfold all the changes. The former is the material aspect of the total world, and the latter is the mental aspect of the total world. The material aspect is the phenomenal appearance of the associated structure of the Chi, and the mental aspect is the order or flow of the associated structure of a Chi. The two are integrated inside and outside. This is the case in the whole world, even in the case of a secondary aspect of existence, a myriad of partial associations that are diverse within the overall world. A secondary aspect of existence has certain partial connections in whole world, that is the case of the everything. These are simply placed in a duplex structure. It's based on the overall world's associated structure and has a partial associated structure that directly implements self-presence. Within this partial structure of association consciousness can be produced through the concentration of sensitivity and harmony unto itself. If this consciousness develops to the level of self-consciousness, it can reinvent its own realm of existence and move on to a third aspect of existence. Consciousness-driven aspect of being is to have the spirit of the individual, this creates things like self, value, and honor, transforming natural beings into artificial beings. This makes it difficult to enjoy freedom of existence. Chang-Tzu thinks that the consciousness created this problem truly, therefore only consciousness can bring man back to the whole natural world. The state of living happily ever after joyfully does not emerge by any individual being’s mental phenomenon, but a certain individual being is itself enjoyed by being placed in the whole natural world to which it already belonged.