The Association of Lung Age with Smoking Status in Korean Men
1
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Background: Lung age, calculated from sex, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and height, was developed to illustrate premature changes to the lungs and could be used to motivate smoking cessation. However, this method has not been tested in association with smoking in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of lung age with smoking and other factors in Korean males.Methods: We reviewed the records of 1,100 healthy men who visited a health promotion center at Ewha Womans University Medical Center from January 2008 to June 2009. Lung age was calculated from FEV1 and normal predictive values of spirometry according to age in the Korean population. The difference between lung age and chronological age was evaluated in relation to smoking status, weight, body mass index, waist, muscle mass, fat mass, and exercise.Results: The age difference was significantly higher in current smokers than in non-smokers (12.47 ± 19.90 vs. 7.30 ± 19.52, P < 0.001). Additionally, the age difference was positively correlated with life time pack-year (β = 0.223; P < 0.001) and fat mass (β = 0.462; P < 0.001). Lung age increased 1 year for 4.48 pack-year increase or for 2.16% increase in fat mass.Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between lung age and both smoking status and fat mass in healthy Korean males. Lung age may be a useful tool for motivating cessation of cigarette smoking and management of risk factors related to obesity.
Abstract
Background: Lung age, calculated from sex, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and height, was developed to illustrate premature changes to the lungs and could be used to motivate smoking cessation. However, this method has not been tested in association with smoking in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of lung age with smoking and other factors in Korean males.Methods: We reviewed the records of 1,100 healthy men who visited a health promotion center at Ewha Womans University Medical Center from January 2008 to June 2009. Lung age was calculated from FEV1 and normal predictive values of spirometry according to age in the Korean population. The difference between lung age and chronological age was evaluated in relation to smoking status, weight, body mass index, waist, muscle mass, fat mass, and exercise.Results: The age difference was significantly higher in current smokers than in non-smokers (12.47 ± 19.90 vs. 7.30 ± 19.52, P < 0.001). Additionally, the age difference was positively correlated with life time pack-year (β = 0.223; P < 0.001) and fat mass (β = 0.462; P < 0.001). Lung age increased 1 year for 4.48 pack-year increase or for 2.16% increase in fat mass.Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between lung age and both smoking status and fat mass in healthy Korean males. Lung age may be a useful tool for motivating cessation of cigarette smoking and management of risk factors related to obesity.
참고문헌 (24)
- Doll R, "Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years’ observations on male British doctors", BMJ, 328, pp.1519~ (2004)
- Bize R, "Biomedical risk assessment as an aid for smoking cessation", Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (4), pp.CD004705~ (2005)
- National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National clinical guideline on management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care", Thorax, 59(Suppl 1), pp.1~232 (2004)
- Soriano JB, "Recent trends in physician diagnosed COPD in women and men in the UK", Thorax, 55, pp.789~794 (2000)
- Morris JF, "Spirometric “lung age” estimation for motivating smoking cessation", Prev Med, 14, pp.655~662 (1985)
- Mitsumune T, "The effect of obesity and smoking status on lung age in Japanese men", Respirology, 14, pp.757~760 (2009)
- Newbury W, "Exploring the need to update lung age equations", Prim Care Respir J, 19, pp.242~247 (2010)
- Parkes G, "Dent R. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial", BMJ, 336, pp.598~600 (2008)
- Parker DR, "A qualitative study of individuals at risk for or who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: what do they understand about their disease", Lung, 186, pp.313~316 (2008)
- Toda R, "Validation of “lung age” measured by spirometry and handy electronic FEV1", FEV6 meter in pulmonary diseases, 2009, pp.48, 513~521
- 최정근, "한국인의 정상 폐활량 예측치", Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, 58(3), pp.230~242 (2005), 대한결핵및호흡기학회
- American Thoracic Society, "Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies", Am Rev Respir Dis, 144, pp.1202~1218 (1991)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 1992, and changes in the definition of current cigarette smoking", MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 43, pp.342~346 (1994)
- Wada T, "Lung age in smokers, past smokers anid non secondhand smoke", Rinsho Byori, 57, pp.1159~1163 (2009)
- Dockery DW, "Cumulative and reversible effects of lifetime smoking on simple tests of lung function in adults", Am Rev Respir Dis, 137, pp.286~292 (1988)
- Beck GJ, "Smoking and lung function", Am Rev Respir Dis, 123, pp.149~155 (1981)
- Ashley F, "Pulmonary function: relation to aging, cigarette habit, and mortality", Ann Intern Med, 82, pp.739~745 (1975)
- Kanner RE, "Variables associated with changes in spirometry in patients with obstructive lung diseases", Am J Med, 67, pp.44~50 (1979)
- Chen Y, "Waist circumference is associated with pulmonary function in normal-weight, overweight, and obese subjects", Am J Clin Nutr, 85, pp.35~39 (2007)
- Koziel S, "The effects of fatness and fat distribution on respiratory functions", Ann Hum Biol, 34, pp.123~131 (2007)
- Collins LC, "The effect of body fat distribution on pulmonary function tests", Chest, 07, pp.1298~1302 (1995)
- Jones RL, "The effects of body mass index on lung volumes", Chest, 130, pp.827~833 (2006)
- Santana H, "Relation between body composition, fat distribution, and lung function in elderly men", Am J Clin Nutr, 73, pp.827~831 (2001)
- Hansen J, "Measuring the lung age of smokers", Prim Care Respir J, 19, pp.286~287 (2010)