The Complexity of Speaking Anxiety in a Graduate EFL Classroom
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Anxiety among students in non-English speaking learning contexts remains a dynamic construct due to moment-by-moment fluctuations influenced by different variables – teacher, peers, task, among others. To understand the complexity of speaking anxiety, this study presents the results of case studies of two low, moderate, and high anxious graduate students chosen based on their anxiety self-reports. Data sources include a self-report anxiety questionnaire, heart rate monitor, idiodynamic self-rating, observation, and semi-structured individual interview. Each participant was asked to wear a heart rate monitor while speaking and being observed by the researcher. In addition, the participants were asked individually to rate their moment-by-moment anxiety by using the idiodynamic method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded accordingly. The use of five data sources revealed findings that demonstrate the strength of considering specific short periods of time and individual level studies when investigating speaking anxiety. Methodological implications were generated to investigate the complex nature of anxiety in non-English speaking contexts.
Abstract
Anxiety among students in non-English speaking learning contexts remains a dynamic construct due to moment-by-moment fluctuations influenced by different variables – teacher, peers, task, among others. To understand the complexity of speaking anxiety, this study presents the results of case studies of two low, moderate, and high anxious graduate students chosen based on their anxiety self-reports. Data sources include a self-report anxiety questionnaire, heart rate monitor, idiodynamic self-rating, observation, and semi-structured individual interview. Each participant was asked to wear a heart rate monitor while speaking and being observed by the researcher. In addition, the participants were asked individually to rate their moment-by-moment anxiety by using the idiodynamic method. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, transcribed, and coded accordingly. The use of five data sources revealed findings that demonstrate the strength of considering specific short periods of time and individual level studies when investigating speaking anxiety. Methodological implications were generated to investigate the complex nature of anxiety in non-English speaking contexts.
참고문헌 (45)
- Aida, Y., "Examination of Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope's construct of foreign language anxiety : The case of students of Japanese", The Modern Language Journal, 78(2), pp.155~168 (1994)
- Chen, H., "College students’ English learning anxiety and their coping styles", master, pp.2002
- Cheng, Y., "Language anxiety: Differentiating writing and speaking components", Language Learning, 49(3), pp.417~446 (1999)
- De Bot, K., "Language and aging in multilingual contexts (Vol. 53)" (2005), Multilingual Matters
- De Bot, K., "Second language acquisition: An advanced resource book" (2005), Routledge
- De Bot, K., "Dynamic systems theory and applied linguistics: The ultimate “so what”?", International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(1), pp.116~118 (2005)
- DeBot, K., "A dynamic systems theory approach to second language acquisition", Bilingualism : Language and Cognition, 10(1), pp.7~21 (2007)
- Dörnyei, Z., "Attitudes, orientations, and motivations in language learning: Advances in theory, research and applications", Language Learning : A Journal of Research in Language Studies, 51(1), pp.1~213 (2003)
- Elkhafaifi, H., "Listening comprehension and anxiety in the Arabic language classroom", The Modern Language Journal, 89(2), pp.206~220 (2005)
- Gardner, R., "A student’s contribution to second language learning. Part II : Affect variables", Language Teaching, 26(1), pp.1~11 (1993)
- Gregersen, T., "The motion of emotion : Idiodynamic case studies of learners’ foreign language anxiety", The Modern Language Journal, 98(2), pp.574~588 (2014)
- Gregersen, T., "Language learning and perfectionism : Anxious and non-anxious language learners’ reactions to their own oral performance", Modern Language Journal, 86(4), pp.562~570 (2002)
- Herdina, P., "A dynamic model of multilingualism perspectives of change in psycholinguistics" (2002), Multilingual Matters
- Horwitz, E. K., "Foreign and second language anxiety", Language Teaching, 43(2), pp.154~167 (2010)
- Horwitz, E. K., "Foreign language classroom anxiety", The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), pp.125~132 (1986)
- Horwitz, E. K., "Language anxiety and achievement", Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, pp.112~126 (2001)
- Horwitz, E. K., "Horwitz comments : It ain't over 'til it's over : On foreign language anxiety, first language deficits, and the confounding of variables", The Modern Language Journal, 84(2), pp.256~259 (2000)
- Horwitz, E. K., "Language anxiety: From theory and research to classroom implications" (1991), Prentice Hall
- J. Mary Jennifer, "Investigating the Levels, Types and Causes of Second Language Writing Anxiety among Indian Freshmen", Journal of Asia TEFL, 14(3), pp.557~563 (2017), 아시아테플
- Kitano, K., "Anxiety in the college Japanese language classroom", The Modern Language Journal, 85(4), pp.549~566 (2001)
- 김정옥, "Ongoing Speaking Anxiety of Korean EFL Learners: Case Study of a TOEIC Intensive Program", Journal of Asia TEFL, 15(1), pp.17~31 (2018), 아시아테플
- Larsen-Freeman, D., "Chaos", complexity science and second language acquisition, 1997, pp.18(2), 141~165
- Larsen–Freeman, D., "Complex systems and applied linguistics" (2008), Oxford University Press
- Liu, M., "Anxiety in Chinese EFL students at different proficiency levels", System, 34(3), pp.301~316 (2006)
- MacIntyre, P., "Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning : A review of literature", Language Learning, 41(1), pp.85~117 (1991)
- MacIntyre, P. D., "The idiodynamic method : A closer look at the dynamics of communication traits", Communication Research Reports, 29(4), pp.361~367 (2012)
- MacIntyre, P. D., "Emotions that facilitate language learning : The positive– broadening power of the imagination", Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), pp.193~213 (2012)
- MacIntyre, P. D., "A dynamic system approach to willingness to communicate : Developing an idiodynamic method to capture rapidly changing affect", Applied Linguistics, 32(2), pp.149~171 (2011)
- Mahmoodzadeh, M., "A complex dynamic systems perspective on foreign language anxiety", KSJ, 3(1), pp.89~108 (2015)
- Mak, B., "An exploration of speaking-in-class anxiety with Chinese ESL learners", System, 39(2), pp.202~214 (2011)
- Marcos-Llinás, M., "Effects of language anxiety on three proficiency-level courses of Spanish as a foreign language", Foreign Language Annals, 42(1), pp.94~111 (2009)
- Mates, A. W., "Cambridge handbook of second language acquisition", pp.417~435 (2013), Cambridge University Press
- Mischel, W., "Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality", Psychological Review, 80(4), pp.252~283 (1973)
- Phillips, E. M., "The effects of language anxiety on students’ oral test performance and attitudes", The Modern Language Journal, 76(1), pp.14~26 (1992)
- Saito, Y., "Foreign language reading anxiety", The Modern Language Journal, 83(2), pp.202~218 (1999)
- Samoilova, V., "Anxiety among Engineering students in a graduate EFL classroom", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovation in Education (2017), Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University
- Spielberger, C. D., "Mutual for the state-trait anxiety inventory (Form Y)" (1983), Consulting Psychologists Press
- Verspoor, M., "Words in their places: A Festschrift for J. Lachlan Mackenzie", pp.407~421 (2004), Free University Press
- Vo, T. D., "Debilitating effects of anxiety on Engineering students’ language performances", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovation in Education (2017), Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University
- Wang, Q., "Language anxiety among rural middle school students in west China", Journal of Northwest Normal University, 38(5), pp.68~73 (2001)
- Wilang, J. D., "Specific anxiety situations in the intelligibility of Englishes", Asian EFL Journal, 99, pp.4~37 (2017)
- Wilang, J. D., "Out-of-class anxiety in a non-English speaking context and its effects on intelligibility and comprehensibility", Issues in Educational Research, 27(3), pp.620~638 (2017)
- Woodrow, L., "Anxiety and speaking English as a second language", RELC Journal, 37(3), pp.308~328 (2006)
- Worde, R. V., "Students’ perspectives on Foreign Language Anxiety", Inquiry, 8(1), pp.1~15 (2003)
- Zhang. W., "Evaluating the impact of oral test anxiety and speaking strategy use on oral English performance", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 10(2), pp.115~148 (2013)
