선하증권에 관한 운송인의 책임제한 배제사유
A Study on Reasons of Exception of the Limitation of Liability of Carriers in the Bill of Lading
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Abstract
A breach of contract committed by one of the parties is fundamental if it results in such detriment to the other party as substantially to deprive him of what he is entitled to expect under the contract, because the carrier has seemingly placed himself outside of the contract and of the law. When the breach is extremely serious, usually the result of a fraudulent or wilful act, such a breach has been called a fundamental breach in common law jurisdictions, a material deviation or quasi-deviation in America, and rupture of the contract in civil law jurisdictions. The problem is complicated in carriage of goods by sea cases, because of the long-established principle of geographical deviation, and because the international conventions on carriage of goods have legislated in part on fundamental breach or doctrine of estoppel, in respect of geographic deviation, misrepresentation by shipper and unjustified deck carriage. Now that fundamental breach is understood at English and Commonwealth common law as a matter of construction rather than as a substantive law rule, it is unclear whether, under maritime law, geographic deviations or related breaches (e.g. unauthorized deck carriage) still automatically deprive the carrier of goods by sea of the protection of exclusion and limitation clauses. By comparison, International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976 at art. 4 and Korean Commercial Act at art. 769, 797(1) more clearly sanction quasi-deviations, but only where the offending carrier acts with intent to cause the loss or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss would probably result. This paper pays attention to three specific cases of fundamental breach or rupture of the contract in the bill of lading. They are (ⅰ) unjustified deck carriage, a quasi-deviation, (ⅱ) fraudulent misleading statements by the shipper in a bill of lading, (ⅲ) mis-delivery of goods without a bill of lading. In consequence, the sanction under the fundamental breach for the historic quasi-deviations, including three specific cases, is that the carrier don't always lose all rights under the Convention and the contract. In practice, courts have often restricted the sanction to the loss of the package limitation.
참고문헌 (37)
- 곽윤직, "채권각론" (1992), 박영사
- 곽윤직, "민법주해(Ⅸ)" (1999), 박영사
- 김증한, "주석 채권각칙(Ⅲ)" (1986), 한국사법행정학회
- 박용섭, "해상법론" (1998), 형설출판사
- 법무부, "미국모범 형법ㆍ형사소송규칙", 법무자료, 50 (1983)
- 송상현, "해상법원론" (2005), 박영사
- 이균성, "국제해상운송법연구" (1984), 삼영사
- 최준선, "국제항공운송법론" (1985), 삼영사
- 강영호, "상법 제789조의2에 의한 해상운송인의 책임제한", 사법논집, 28 (1997)
- 김동훈, "개정해상법상 선주책임제한권의 상실사유", 한국해법학회지, 15(1) (1993)
- 김선옥, "해상운송인의 책임제한 배제사유의 법리변화 및 해석에 관한 고찰", 해운물류연구, (49) (2006)
- 김창준, "운송인의 책임제한 배제사유", 한국해법학회지, 29(2), pp.7~35 (2007), 한국해법학회
- 김효신, "해상기업주체에 대한 책임제한의 조각사유로서 ＂고의 또는 손해발생의 염려가 있음을 인식하면서 무모하게 행한 작위 또는 부작위＂의 의미", 기업법연구, 10, pp.121~137 (2002), 한국기업법학회
- 박상진, "영미형법에 있어 주관적 범죄요건(Mens Rea)에 대한 연구", 비교형사법연구, 9(2), pp.409~428 (2007), 한국비교형사법학회
- 서 성, "국제항공운송인의 손해배상책임", 사법논집, 5 (1974)
- 이균성, "개정해상법과 해상기업관계자의 총체적 책임제한, in: 현대상법의 과제와 전망" (1994), 삼지원
- 이은섭, "해상물건운송계약에 있어서 이로에 대한 해상운송인의 책임", 무역학회지, 22(4) (1997)
- 이주흥, (1996), 박영사
- 이창길, "영국해상보험법 제39조 제5항의 “privity” 개념의 해석과 적용에 관한 고찰", 한국해법학회지, 28(2), pp.97~133 (2006), 한국해법학회
- 임동철, "해상물건운송법에서 이로의 효과에 관한 재검토", 한국해법학회지, 18(1) (1996)
- 장상균, "개정된 바르샤바협약 제4조 소정의 책임제한 조항 배제사유의 해석(2006. 10. 13. 선고 2005도3724 판결)", 대법원판례해설, (63) (2007)
- 정완용, "운송물의 수령없이 발행된 선하증권의 효력, in: 상사판례연구Ⅱ" (1996)
- 조희대, "상법 제811조의 해석", 민사재판의 제문제, 10 (2000)
- 최종현, "空선하증권의 효력", 한국해법학회지, 29(1), pp.127~164 (2007), 한국해법학회
- 최준선, "바르샤바 협약상 Wilful Misconduct의 개념", 항공우주법학회지, 6(1) (1994)
- Baughen, Simon, "Shipping Law" (2002), Cavendish Publishing Limited
- Cheshire, "Fifoot, and Furmston's law of contract, 13th ed." (1996), Butterworths
- Colinvaux, Raoul, "Carver's Carriage by Sea, 13th ed." (1982), Stevens & Sons
- Gaskell, Nicholas, "Bills of Lading: Law and Practice" (2000), Lloyd's of London Press Ltd.
- Goldhirsch Lawrence B., "The Warsaw Convention annotated : a legal handbook" (2000), Kluwer Law International
- Griggs, Patrick, "Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims" (1991), Lloyd's of London Press
- Guest, A. G., "Benjamin's Sale of Goods, 16th ed." (2002), Sweet & Maxwell
- Mocatta Alan A., "Scrutton on Charterparties and Bills of Lading, 19th ed." (1984), Sweet & Maxwell
- Tetley, William, "Marine Cargo Claims" (1988), Editions Y. Blais
- Treitel, G. H., "The Law of Contract, 8th ed." (1991), Sweet & Maxwell
- Wilson, J. F., "Carriage of Goods by Sea, 6th ed.", pp.2008, Pearson
- Diamond, A., "The Hague-Visby Rules", Lloyd's Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly (1978)